EEEEEXXXXXXTTTTTTTRRRRRAAAAAAAA LONG POSTS
Because it has not been resolved how much material a post should have, I will proceed thus:
435. When David's child by adultery was born, David was convicted of his sin by Nathan, the prophet, whereupon he repented. David composed the 51st psalm {#Ps 51:1-19} as a sad memorial of his sin with Bathsheba, but the child died. {#2Sa 12:1-31}
2971a AM, 3680 JP, 1034 BC
436. Bathsheba, who was now David's wife, bore David another son called Solomon, whose name was given to him by God. This child proved to be a man of peace. {#1Ch 22:9} His name means one beloved of God, the name of Jedidiah. {#2Sa 12:25}
2988a AM, 3697 JP, 1017 BC
454. David foresaw that the house of God would be built on the threshing floor of Araunah. {#1Ch 22:1 2Ch 3:1} He began to prepare the materials necessary for so great a work. He exhorted his son Solomon and all the heads of Israel to carry the project through to a successful completion. {#1Ch 22:1-19}
2988c AM, 3698 JP, 1016 BC
456. Rehoboam was born to Solomon by Naaman, an Ammonite woman. He was forty-one years old when he began his reign, and hence was born to Solomon a year before Solomon started to reign. {#1Ki 14:21 1Ch 12:13} For although Solomon called himself a little child when he began to reign, {#1Ki 3:7} and David his father said he was a child, young and tender, {#1Ch 22:5 29:1} yet in another place he called him a man of wisdom. {#1Ki 2:9} This was even before God granted him extraordinary knowledge and wisdom. These three things-tender years, a son born and perfect wisdom-were not unique to Solomon at eighteen. For the same things were attributed to king Josiah when he was only sixteen, {#2Ch 34:1-3 2Ch 36:2,5} since Jehoiakim was born when Josiah was only fourteen years old and Jehoahaz was born when Josiah was sixteen.
2989b AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC
457. David was now seventy years old. Broken with continual cares and wars, he was so weak and feeble that wearing extra clothes could hardly keep him warm. So Abishag, a young Shunammite maiden, was sent for to keep him warm. {#1Ki 1:1-4}
2989c AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC
458. When Adonijah saw his father's decline, he took counsel and advice from Joab and Abiathar, the high priest, and made himself king. When Bathsheba and Nathan told David of this, he ordered his son Solomon to be anointed king in Gihon by Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet and Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada. As soon as Adonijah heard this, he fled to the sanctuary and took hold of the horns of the altar. He was pardoned by the grace and favour of Solomon and set at liberty. {#1Ki 1:1-53}
459. David assembled all the governors, captains and commanders of Israel with his sons and servants. He exhorted them all to the fear and worship of God, especially Solomon his son. He ordered them to proceed with the building of the temple. He gave them the plans for the temple and consigned into Solomon's hands the gold and silver by weight for making every vessel and implement to be used in the temple. {#1Ch 28:1-21} After this, because of David's example and exhortation, every man was moved to give gold, silver, brass, iron and stones, all in great abundance, toward the building of God's house. They gave thanks to God, and on the following day they offered a thousand young bullocks, a thousand rams and a thousand lambs, with the meat offerings. Solomon was anointed as king the second time, and Zadok was confirmed as the high priest. {#1Ch 29:1-23} [E39]
2990a AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC
460. After David had given his instructions to his son Solomon, he died. {#1Ki 2:1-10}.
2990b AM, 3700 JP, 1014 BC
461. Adonijah used Bathsheba to ask Solomon to give him Abishag, the Shunammite, as his wife. Therefore Solomon had him executed, as one still aspiring to be king. Abiathar, of the family of Eli, was put out of the high priesthood and Zadok, a descendent of Phinehas, replaced him. This had been foretold earlier by God to Eli. {#1Sa 2:33,35} So the high priesthood reverted from the family of Ithamar to the family of Eleazar and continued there. Joab fled to the tabernacle in fear and took hold of the horns of the altar. He was executed by Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, who was made captain of the host in his place by the king. Shimei, who had before railed upon David, was merely confined to his house, yet with this condition, that if at any time he passed over the brook Kidron, he would be executed. {#1Ki 2:1-46}
462. When Hadad, the Edomite, heard that Joab was dead, he returned from Egypt to his own country. When Solomon later began to follow after vanities, God used Hadad as an enemy against Solomon. {#1Ki 11:14,21}
2991a AM, 3700 JP, 1014 BC
463. Pharaoh, king of Egypt, gave his daughter in marriage to Solomon. He gave her the city of Gezer located in the tribe of Ephraim. {#Jos 21:21} Pharaoh had taken it from the Canaanites and killed all its inhabitants. {#1Ki 9:16} Solomon brought her into Zion, the palace of David. {#1Ki 3:1 2Ch 8:11}
2991c AM, 3701 JP, 1013 BC
464. Solomon offered a thousand whole burnt offerings at Gibeon where the tabernacle was situated. God appeared to him in his sleep and asked him to choose anything he wanted. Solomon chose wisdom to be given to him. Therefore, God gave him wisdom from above, as well as all other blessings over and above this. The first test of his wisdom was the deciding of the controversy between the two women about one of their children. This gave him a reputation and the respect of the people. {#1Ki 3:1-28}
2992a AM, 3701 JP, 1013 BC
465. Solomon was visited by messengers sent from Hiram, king of Tyre, who wanted to help him with timber for the building of the temple. When Solomon met Hiram's terms, Hiram co-operated in the venture. Solomon supplied the workmen, over whom he set pay masters and other officers to oversee the work. {#1Ki 5:1-18}
The Fifth Age of the World
2992c AM, 3702 JP, 1012 BC
466. The foundation of the temple was laid in the four hundred and eightieth year after Israel's exodus from Egypt. This was in King Solomon's fourth year of reign, on the second day of the second month (called Zif, Monday May 21st). {#1Ki 6:1,37 2Ch 3:2}
2993b AM, 3703 JP, 1011 BC
467. Three years after he was commanded not to cross the brook Kidron, Shimei returned from Gath to bring back two run-away servants. Solomon had him executed. {#1Ki 2:39-46}
3000a AM, 3709 JP, 1005 BC
468. In the eleventh year of Solomon's reign, in the eighth month, called Bul, the temple and its furnishings were completed. [L58] It had taken seven years and six months to build. {#1Ki 6:38} The dedication of the temple was postponed until the autumn of the next year, because that was the beginning of the Jubilee year.
3001a AM, 3710 JP, 1004 BC
469. This was the ninth Jubilee, which opened the fourth millennium of the world. King Solomon celebrated the dedication of the temple with great pomp and splendour. All Israel was assembled together in the seventh month, called Ethanim. The ark was brought from Zion into the Holy of Holies. The tabernacle and holy vessels from Gibeon went into the temple treasury. God gave a visible and wonderful token of his presence. Solomon was standing on a scaffold made of brass, and knelt down to pray to God. After this he blessed the people. He then offered twenty-two thousand oxen and a hundred and twenty thousand sheep. They celebrated the feast of the dedication of the altar for seven days, and the feast of tabernacles another seven days. On the fifteenth day, the celebrations were completed and the people were dismissed to their homes. This was the twenty-third day of the seventh month. {#1Ki 8:1-66 2Ch 5:3-5 6:1-42 8:1-11} [E40]
470. The eighth day of the seventh month (that is, Friday, October 30th) was the first of the seven days of the dedication. According to Levitical law, the feast of atonement was held on the tenth day. (Sunday, November 1st) {#Lev 25:9} At the sound of the trumpet, the Jubilee was proclaimed.
471. The feast of tabernacles was held on the fifteenth day. (Friday, November 6th) The last day of this feast was always very solemnly kept. This occurred on the twenty-second of the month. (Friday, November 13th) {#2Ch 7:9 Le 23:36 Joh 7:37} The following day, (Saturday, November 14th) at the conclusion of the Sabbath, the people went home.
3012c AM, 3722 JP, 992 BC
472. In the thirteenth year after the temple had been built, Solomon finished building his own house. He spent twenty years on both of them: seven years and six months on the temple, and thirteen years on his own house. {#1Ki 7:1 9:10 2Ch 8:1}
473. As a reward for Hiram's good will in helping to construct these houses, Solomon offered Hiram, king of Tyre, twenty cities of Galilee or Cabul, which were located within the tribe of Asher. Solomon purchased these cities himself. When Hiram refused to take them, Solomon reconstructed them all himself, planting colonies of Israelites in them. {#1Ki 9:10-13 2Ch 8:1,2}
474. When Solomon had finished both houses and the wall of Jerusalem, he moved his wife, the daughter of Pharaoh, out of the city of David, into a house which he had built for her. {#1Ki 3:1 7:8 9:24 2Ch 8:11} He also rebuilt Gezer, which Pharaoh, his father-in-law, had taken from the Canaanites and given to Solomon. {#1Ki 9:15-17} Gezer was located within the tribe of Ephraim.
3026c AM, 3736 JP, 978 BC
475. Shishak, also called Sefonchis (according to Egyptian Chronology), began to reign in Egypt. Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, fled to him and continued with him until after Solomon died. {#1Ki 11:40 12:2}
3029b AM, 3739 JP, 975 BC
476. Toward the end of his life, Solomon forsook the lusts and vanities to which he was addicted in his latter years. He testified of his deep repentance in his book called The Preacher (Ecclesiastes) and made his peace with God. {#2Ch 11:17} Solomon died when he had reigned forty years. {#1Ki 11:42 2Ch 9:30} [L59]
395. David was born to Jesse the Ephrathite in his old age. {#1Sa 17:12} This was thirty years before David succeeded Saul to the kingdom. {#2Sa 5:4 1Sa 16:1} David was the youngest of eight sons born to Jesse and Bethlehem was later called the city of David as was Jerusalem. {#1Sa 20:6 Lu 2:4 2Sa 5:7,9}
2941c AM, 3651 JP, 1063 BC
396. God had rejected Saul and his family from the kingdom. After mourning a long time about this, Samuel was sent by God to Bethlehem to anoint David as king. This occurred forty years before the rebellion of Absalom. {#1Sa 16:1 2Sa 15:7} David was a handsome-looking lad who was called away from shepherding his father's sheep. {#1Sa 16:11,12,18 2Sa 7:3 Ps 78:70,71} Because David was preferred over his older brothers and was being anointed in their presence, {#1Sa 16:13} they were envious of him. {#1Sa 17:28} David's brothers were as envious of him as Joseph's brothers were of him. David was also made king over Judah at the same age that Joseph was made ruler over Egypt. {#Ge 41:46 2Sa 5:4} From the day of his anointing, the Spirit of God came upon him, giving him his courage and wisdom. {#1Sa 16:13,18 18:5,13,14,30 2Sa 5:2} As a result of this, while Saul lived, he was made general over all Israel and became a great warrior to fight the Lord's battles. {#1Sa 25:28} He became known as a prophet and the sweet Singer of Israel who, by his divine Psalms, would teach and instruct the people of God. {#Ac 2:30 2Sa 23:1,2} [L50]
2944 AM, 3654 JP, 1060 BC
397. Mephibosheth (or Meribbaal), {#1Ch 8:34 9:40} the son of Jonathan, was born five years before the death of his father. {#2Sa 4:4}
2944c AM, 3654 JP, 1060 BC
398. David feared that he might at last fall into Saul's hands, so he fled to King Achish in Gath, taking six hundred men with him. {#1Sa 21:10} Achish gave him the town of Ziklag to dwell in, and he lived there for one year and four months in the land of the Philistines.
2948a AM, 3657 JP, 1057 BC
399. From there he attacked and killed all the Geshurites, Gezrites and the Amalekites, leaving no one alive to carry news of the slaughter to King Achish. {#1Sa 27:1-12}
2948c AM, 3658 JP, 1056 BC
400. While David was at Ziklag, many who were relatives of Saul came to join themselves with him. Also many valiant men of the tribe of Benjamin, the tribe of Gad and various good soldiers came across the Jordan River to join him, in the first month when it overflowed all its banks. They were accompanied by many other captains and commanders of the tribes of Benjamin and Judah. {#1Ch 12:1,15,18}
2949c AM, 3659 JP, 1055 BC
401. King Achish planned to invade the Israelites with his Philistine army. He took David along with him. {#1Sa 28:1,2} While David was on the march with his six hundred men, he gathered a number of others from the tribe of Manasseh who joined him. {#1Ch 12:19} The Philistines were then encamped at Shunem and the Israelites were in Gilboa. {#1Sa 28:4}
402. When Saul saw the army of the Philistines, he became afraid and sought counsel from the Lord. Receiving no answer in a dream, or by Urim, or through his prophets, he went to Endor by night to consult with a witch. When she conjured up a vision of Samuel, Saul received the dreadful message:
"God shall deliver Israel, together with thyself, into the hands of the Philistines; and tomorrow, thou and thy children shalt be with me." {#1Sa 28:5,6,19 1Ch 10:13,14}
403. While David was away on his march, the Amalekites took Ziklag, plundered it and burned it. They carried away David's two wives, Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail, the widow of Nabal, along with all the wives and children of his men. {#1Sa 30:1-31}
404. When Saul returned that same night from the witch, the Israelites moved to the fountain of Jezreel and the Philistines went to Aphek. The princes of the Philistines became jealous of David, so he and his men left the Philistine army early the next morning and returned to Ziklag. The Philistines in the interim marched up to Jezreel to fight with the Israelites. {#1Sa 28:25 29:1,3,10,11} It seems that Saul and his sons were not killed on the day immediately following his communication with the apparition of Samuel (since all that day David was with the army of the Philistines) but Saul's death occurred some while after David's departure from them.
405. When David was returning to Ziklag, seven captains of the Manassites came to meet him. {#1Ch 12:20,21} David arrived on the third day of his journey at Ziklag and found the town plundered and consumed by fire. Two hundred of his company were weary from marching and rested at the brook Besor, while David followed after the Amalekites and overtook them with the remaining four hundred men. The battle lasted from the twilight of the first day to the evening of the next. They recovered all that was lost and returned home with joy. {#1Sa 30:1-31} [L51]
406. The host of Israel were soundly trounced. The three sons of Saul, Jonathan, Abinadab and Melchishua, were also killed. Saul and his armourbearer fell on their own swords. The following day the Philistines took off the head of Saul and hung up his armour in the temple of their idol Ashtaroth. His body and the bodies of his three sons were also left to hang on the walls of Bethshemesh. [E35] However, the men of Jabeshgilead remembered the deed of valour which Saul had done for them at the beginning of his reign. They stole away their bodies from there and burned them. They buried their bones under an oak at Jabesh and fasted for them for seven days. {#1Sa 31:1-13 1Ch 10:1-14}
407. Mephibosheth was the son of Jonathan, who was now dead. When his nurse heard the news of his death she ran away with Mephibosheth. Because she was very afraid and in a great haste, he fell out of her arms and became lame in his feet for the rest of his life. {#2Sa 4:4}
408. Three days after David's return from the slaughter of the Amalekites, he heard of the defeat of the Israelite army. A boy of the Amalekites who had been in the battle brought him the news, together with Saul's crown and bracelet, which he had removed from Saul's body. {#2Sa 1:1-16} From this news, though quickly brought to David, it is inferred that the defeat in Gilboa happened a number of days after David left the Philistine army. It was not unusual for the battle to be so delayed. Much later, when the Syrians camped against the Israelites at the same place at Aphek, Israel waited seven days before fighting with them. {#1Ki 20:26,29}
409. David executed the Amalekite who claimed to have killed Saul. In a funeral song he praised Saul, Jonathan and God's people. {#2Sa 1:13-27} Daily, more companies of the Israelites' army flocked to him. {#1Ch 12:22} He asked counsel of God before he went up to Hebron with his men and their families. There he was anointed king by the men of his own tribe at the age of thirty. He reigned over Judah for seven years and six months. {#2Sa 2:1-4,11 5:4,5}
410. Abner, the former captain of Saul's army, took Ishbosheth, Saul's son, to Mahanaim and there he made him king over the rest of Israel. Ishbosheth was forty years old and reigned two years over Israel. {#2Sa 2:8-10} He had two years of peace with the house of David, just as his father's two years of reign {#1Sa 13:1} referred to two years of peace with the Philistines. {See note on 2909c AM. <<392>>}
411. David sent messengers to the men of Jabeshgilead and thanked them for the kindness which they had shown to King Saul. He informed them that he was now king over Judah. {#2Sa 2:5-7} To strengthen his position, he made an alliance with Talmai, king of Geshur and secured it by marrying his daughter, Maacah. She bore him Absalom and Tamar. {#2Sa 3:3 13:1}
2951c AM, 3661 JP, 1053 BC
412. After the two years of peace with Ishbosheth, there was a long war between his people and the people of David. Joab, the son of Zeruiah, David's sister, headed up David's side and Abner commanded the other side. Many battles and skirmishes took place. David's side grew stronger and stronger, while Ishbosheth's side became weaker. {#2Sa 2:26-3:1}
2956d AM, 3666 JP, 1048 BC
414. When Abner was disgracefully used by Ishbosheth, he defected to David. He arranged with the chief men and heads of Israel to transfer the whole kingdom to David. {#2Sa 3:6-21}
415. When David had fled from Saul, {#1Sa 19:12} his wife Michal had been given by Saul in marriage to Phaltiel. David demanded that Ishbosheth send her back. {#1Sa 25:44 2Sa 3:14,15}
416. When Abner came with twenty men to David, he was well received and given a feast. When he returned from David in peace, he was treacherously killed by Joab. David made a great mourning and lamentation over Abner, and he was buried at Hebron. {#2Sa 3:17-39}
417. All Israel was troubled by the death of Abner. Baanah and Rechab, of the tribe of Benjamin, murdered Ishbosheth when he was resting on his bed in the heat of the day. They brought his head to David and he had them executed. {#2Sa 4:1-12}
418. The captains and elders of all the tribes came to Hebron and anointed David king over Israel for the third time. {#1Ch 12:23-40 11:1-3 2Sa 5:1-3}
2957a AM, 3666 JP, 1048 BC
419. David, with all Israel, marched to Jerusalem against the Jebusites. By Joab's valiant actions they captured the citadel of Zion. Henceforth, it was called the City of David, just as Bethlehem, his birthplace, was called. He made Jerusalem the capital of the kingdom and reigned over all Israel for thirty-three years. {#2Sa 5:5-7,9 1Ch 11:4-7}
2957c AM, 3667 JP, 1047 BC
420. When the Philistines heard that David was made king over all Israel by every tribe, they twice led their army against him at the valley of Rephaim, and were defeated both times. {#2Sa 5:22-25 1Ch 14:1-17} [E36] It was at this place that David, in the time of harvest, desired a drink of water from the well at Bethlehem. To please him, three of the most valiant captains broke through the host of the enemy to get it. When they brought it to him, he would not drink it. {#2Sa 23:13 1Ch 11:15}
2958b AM, 3668 JP, 1046 BC
421. David built up the city of Zion and strengthened its fortifications. Joab repaired the rest of the city. {#2Sa 5:9 1Ch 11:8}
422. Hiram sent messengers to David. Hiram also sent cedar wood, and carpenters and masons, to build David's house. {#2Sa 5:11 1Ch 14:1}
2959 AM, 3669 JP, 1045 BC
423. The ark of the covenant, which in the first sabbatical year had been brought from Gilgal to Shiloh, was now brought from Kirjathjearim in this sabbatical year. It had been moved from Shiloh seventy years earlier, from the house of Abinadab. Thirty thousand choice men from all Israel accompanied the move of the ark by David. He composed the sixty-eighth psalm for the occasion, as may be deduced from the psalm's title. {#Ps 68:1} This verse appears to have been taken from a prayer which was appointed by Moses to be used and sung every time the ark was moved. {#Nu 10:35} The ark was first carried to the house of Obededom. After three months, it was moved into the city of David, or the citadel of Zion. David himself rejoiced before it, and sang a psalm. {#Ps 132:8}. Solomon his son repeated this verse {#2Ch 6:41} in the next Jubilee year, when he brought the ark into the Holy of Holies in the temple.
"Arise oh Lord unto thy resting place, thou and the ark of thy strength"
424. See also this passage. {#Ps 132:6,7} From the Hebrew:
"Behold we (that is the men of Bethlehem dwelling there) have heard of it at Ephratah (our own country) and found it in the fields of Jair, or the wood; (that is in the hill of Kirjathjearim, for that signifies a city, bordering upon woods)"
425. From another psalm we have: [L53]
"The Lord hath chosen Zion, for a habitation for himself; saying, This is my rest for ever here will I dwell, for I have a delight therein." {#Ps 132:13,14}
426. The ark came to rest there at Zion {#1Ch 6:31} and was moved into the new tabernacle which David had prepared for it at Jerusalem. {#2Sa 6:17 1Ch 16:1 2Ch 1:4}
427. The tabernacle of the congregation, built by Moses, together with the brazen altar used for the daily sacrifices, remained at Gibeon, in the tribe of Judah, until the temple of Solomon was built. It was no longer in Shiloh in the tribe of Ephraim. {#1Ch 6:32,48,49 16:39,40 21:29 2Ch 1:3,5,6 1Ki 3:2,4}
428. The ark was moved from the house of Joseph, of which the tribe of Ephraim was a part, into the tribe of Judah. After this, Shiloh played no part in Israel's worship. {#Ps 78:67,68 Jer 7:12,14 26:6}
2960d AM, 3670 JP, 1044 BC
429. David now lived in the house of cedar which he had built, and enjoyed peace on every side. He told Nathan, the prophet, that he planned to build a house for God. God replied that this was a task that should be done by a man of peace, not war, and that his son Solomon would build the house, not David. {#2Sa 7:1,2,11,13 1Ch 17:1-27 22:8-10 28:3,6 2Ch 6:8,9 1Ki 8:18,19} From now until the birth of Solomon, the time was spent in wars. David subdued the Philistines, the Edomites, the Amalekites, the Moabites, the Ammonites and the Syrians. {#2Sa 8:3 1Ch 18:1-17} The borders of Israel stretched not only from Shihor in Egypt to Hamath, {#1Ch 13:5} but even from there to the Euphrates River as far as the borders of Syria Zobah. {#2Sa 8:3} This was the extreme boundary of all that land which had formerly been promised to the seed of Abraham. {#Ge 15:18 De 11:24 Jos 1:3,4} It was never possessed by any of them, except by David and his son Solomon. {#1Ki 4:21,24 2Ch 9:28}
430. At this time Hadadezer, also called Hadarezer, (the d and the r look very similar in Hebrew) the son of Rehob, was king of Syria Zobah. He united his forces from Damascus with the forces of Rezon, the son of Eliadah. They prepared to fight against David not far from the Euphrates River. However, after David routed Hadadezer's army, he killed twenty-two thousand of the Syrians from Damascus and put garrisons in all that country. When Rezon saw that David had prevailed, he rebelled against Hadadezer and made himself captain over the forces he had recently raised. He marched with them to Damascus and there set up a kingdom for himself and his posterity. He was a very bitter enemy to Solomon, as was his kingdom to the rest of the kings of Israel. {#2Sa 8:5,6 1Ch 17:5,6 1Ki 11:23-25} Concerning this battle fought by David near the Euphrates River, Nicolaus Damascene, quoted in Josephus, {*Josephus, Antiq., l. 7. c. 5. s. 2. (101) 5:413} mentioned this battle of David's and called this Rezon, Adad. He added that his name was passed on to his successors to the tenth generation, as Ptolemy did to his in Egypt.
2967a AM, 3676 JP, 1038 BC
431. After Nahash, king of the Ammonites, died, his son Hanun reigned in his place. He badly abused the messengers that David, out of kindness, had sent to comfort him over the death of his father. {#2Sa 10:1-5} [E37] [L54]
2967c AM, 3677 JP, 1037 BC
432. Therefore, David sent out Joab, who defeated a large army of the Ammonites and Syrian mercenaries. David and Joab returned victorious to Jerusalem. {#2Sa 10:1-19 1Ch 19:1-19}
2968b AM, 3678 JP, 1036 BC
433. David crossed the Jordan River with his army and slaughtered a vast number of the Syrians who were led by Shophach, the general of the army of Hadadezer, king of Syria Zobah. A time of peace followed between David and the petty kings of Syria, so that they sent no more aid to the Ammonites, but served David. {#2Sa 10:1-19 1Ch 19:1-19}
2969b AM, 3679 JP, 1035 BC
434. At the end of the year, when kings went to battle, Joab, with his army, fought against the Ammonites and besieged Rabbah, the capital city of Ammon. In the meantime, David took his ease at Jerusalem. {#2Sa 11:1 1Ch 20:1} There, he defiled himself in an adulterous relationship with Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite. Uriah was in the army at that time. Consequently, David arranged to have Uriah killed at the hands of the Ammonites. {#2Sa 11:1-27}
2970b AM, 3680 JP, 1034 BC
435. When David's child by adultery was born, David was convicted of his sin by Nathan, the prophet, whereupon he repented. David composed the 51st psalm {#Ps 51:1-19} as a sad memorial of his sin with Bathsheba, but the child died. {#2Sa 12:1-31}
2971a AM, 3680 JP, 1034 BC
436. Bathsheba, who was now David's wife, bore David another son called Solomon, whose name was given to him by God. This child proved to be a man of peace. {#1Ch 22:9} His name means one beloved of God, the name of Jedidiah. {#2Sa 12:25}
2972c AM, 3682 JP, 1032 BC
437. Amnon, David's oldest son, raped his sister Tamar. {#2Sa 13:1-39}
2974c AM, 3684 JP, 1030 BC
438. Two years after he had raped his sister, Amnon was killed by his brother Absalom at the time of sheep shearing, before grain harvest. {#2Sa 13:23} This occurred at the end of the spring, shortly after the middle of the first month and during the second mowing of the grass. Codomanus noted this from these passages. {#Am 7:1 Jos 3:15 4:19 5:10-12}
439. After Absalom had killed Amnon, he fled to Geshur in Syria. He stayed three years with king Talmai, his grandfather on his mother's side. {#2Sa 13:37,38 15:8}
2977c AM, 3687 JP, 1027 BC
440. After three years of exile, Absalom returned to Jerusalem. His father was pacified toward him by the speech of the woman of Tekoa, who was employed by Joab. {#2Sa 13:38 14:1,23}
2979b AM, 3689 JP, 1025 BC
441. Absalom set Joab's barley on fire just before harvest time that year (for the following year was a sabbatical year, when there was no harvest in Judah.) By this means he was admitted to his father's presence, whom he had not seen in the two years since his return from exile. {#2Sa 14:28,30,33}
2980 AM, 3690 JP, 1024 BC
442. This sabbatical year came between the burning of Joab's grain field and the rebellion of Absalom against his father. In his rebellion, Absalom obtained chariots and horses and gathered a band of ruffians around him, while insinuating himself into the favour of the people. He stole away their hearts from his father David. {#2Sa 15:1-6}
2981c AM, 3691 JP, 1023 BC
443. Forty years after the anointing of David by Samuel, Absalom followed the advice of his chief counsellor Ahithophel and took possession of his father's kingdom. {#2Sa 15:7} This happened between the Passover and the Feast of Pentecost. Codomanus assumed this to be the season, from what Barzillai provided for David when he fled with new fruits and roasted grain. {#2Sa 17:28}
444. David composed the third and fifty-fifth psalms against the practices of Absalom and Ahithophel. {#Ps 3:1-8 55:1-23} Shimei, of the tribe of Benjamin, railed against David as he fled. {#2Sa 16:5} [L55]
445. When Ahithophel saw that his counsel had not been followed by Absalom, he went and hanged himself. {#2Sa 17:23}
446. In the battle with David, Absalom lost twenty thousand men and fled. A bough of a thick oak caught hold of his long hair, so he hung there until Joab came and thrust him through with darts, killing him. {#2Sa 18:9-14}
447. After this victory, David was brought home again by the men of Judah and one half of the people of Israel. The other Israelites rebelled because they had not participated in that work. This rebellion was soon over when the head of Sheba, the son of Gera, was thrown over the walls to Joab by the people of Abel. {#2Sa 19:1-20:22}
2983c AM, 3693 JP, 1021 BC
448. The harvest of this year failed and there was a famine which afflicted the land for three years. This famine was sent because the innocent blood of the Gibeonites had been shed by Saul and his family. {#2Sa 21:1,2}
2986c AM, 3696 JP, 1018 BC
449. The famine still continued, so the Gibeonites hanged two of Saul's sons and five of his grandchildren at the beginning of the barley harvest. Rizpah, Saul's concubine, watched over their bodies and kept them from being devoured by ravenous birds or beasts, until water dropped from heaven upon them. {#2Sa 21:8-10}
450. David took the bones of Saul and Jonathan his son and moved them from Jabeshgilead, along with the bones of the seven that had been hanged. They were buried at Zelah in the sepulchre of Kish, the father of Saul. {#2Sa 21:12-14}
451. Many battles were fought with the Philistines and their giants. In one battle, David, who was now old, fainted in the battle and could have been killed by the giant Ishbibenob, but he narrowly escaped. [E38] This was the last battle that David took part in. {#2Sa 21:16-22 1Ch 20:4-8}
2987d AM, 3697 JP, 1017 BC
452. Either Satan or David's pride motivated David to have a census taken, thereby kindling God's wrath against the Israelites. {#1Ch 21:6 27:24} For this census, all the men over twenty years of age in every tribe (except the tribes of Levi and Benjamin), were counted. {#1Ch 27:23}. This census took nine months and twenty days to complete. {#2Sa 24:8} God sent the prophet Gad to David and gave him the choice of one of three punishments. He was to choose famine, sword or pestilence. {#2Sa 24:11-14} This famine was to last three years, {#1Ch 21:12} but for seven years according to the passage in Samuel. {#2Sa 24:13}. The famine would have included the three years of the previous famine {#2Sa 21:1} together with this present sabbatical year, in which no sowing would take place to compensate for the losses of the previous years, bringing a fourth year of dearth. Three years of famine for the slaughter of the Gibeonites were already past, and after this there would have been a poor harvest for lack of seed. This harvest would not have been able to supply the needs of the next two years, which the intervening sabbatical year would require. So the famine would still have continued in the land, especially among the poor. Now in addition to these past four years of famine, God proposed to David a choice of three more years of famine. To reconcile these two different passages, {#2Sa 24:13 1Ch 21:12} I placed the account of David's numbering the people in this sabbatical year.
453. Now of the three choices, David chose the plague. In one day, seventy thousand men died. When the angel was about to destroy Jerusalem, God in his mercy bade him withhold his hand. He commanded David to offer whole burnt offerings and peace offerings on the threshing floor of Araunah or Ornan, the Jebusite. {#2Sa 24:1-25 1Ch 21:1-30} [L56]
2988a AM, 3697 JP, 1017 BC
454. David foresaw that the house of God would be built on the threshing floor of Araunah. {#1Ch 22:1 2Ch 3:1} He began to prepare the materials necessary for so great a work. He exhorted his son Solomon and all the heads of Israel to carry the project through to a successful completion. {#1Ch 22:1-19}
2988c AM, 3698 JP, 1016 BC
455. He took the number of the Levites, first from thirty, and then from twenty years old and upwards. He divided them into many ranks and assigned to each one his office. He established a set form both for ecclesiastical and civil government in the fortieth year of his reign. {#1Ch 23:1-27:34} This was the beginning of the year, a year and a half before his death.
456. Rehoboam was born to Solomon by Naaman, an Ammonite woman. He was forty-one years old when he began his reign, and hence was born to Solomon a year before Solomon started to reign. {#1Ki 14:21 1Ch 12:13} For although Solomon called himself a little child when he began to reign, {#1Ki 3:7} and David his father said he was a child, young and tender, {#1Ch 22:5 29:1} yet in another place he called him a man of wisdom. {#1Ki 2:9} This was even before God granted him extraordinary knowledge and wisdom. These three things-tender years, a son born and perfect wisdom-were not unique to Solomon at eighteen. For the same things were attributed to king Josiah when he was only sixteen, {#2Ch 34:1-3 2Ch 36:2,5} since Jehoiakim was born when Josiah was only fourteen years old and Jehoahaz was born when Josiah was sixteen.
2989b AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC
457. David was now seventy years old. Broken with continual cares and wars, he was so weak and feeble that wearing extra clothes could hardly keep him warm. So Abishag, a young Shunammite maiden, was sent for to keep him warm. {#1Ki 1:1-4}
2989c AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC
458. When Adonijah saw his father's decline, he took counsel and advice from Joab and Abiathar, the high priest, and made himself king. When Bathsheba and Nathan told David of this, he ordered his son Solomon to be anointed king in Gihon by Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet and Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada. As soon as Adonijah heard this, he fled to the sanctuary and took hold of the horns of the altar. He was pardoned by the grace and favour of Solomon and set at liberty. {#1Ki 1:1-53}
459. David assembled all the governors, captains and commanders of Israel with his sons and servants. He exhorted them all to the fear and worship of God, especially Solomon his son. He ordered them to proceed with the building of the temple. He gave them the plans for the temple and consigned into Solomon's hands the gold and silver by weight for making every vessel and implement to be used in the temple. {#1Ch 28:1-21} After this, because of David's example and exhortation, every man was moved to give gold, silver, brass, iron and stones, all in great abundance, toward the building of God's house. They gave thanks to God, and on the following day they offered a thousand young bullocks, a thousand rams and a thousand lambs, with the meat offerings. Solomon was anointed as king the second time, and Zadok was confirmed as the high priest. {#1Ch 29:1-23} [E39]
2990a AM, 3699 JP, 1015 BC
460. After David had given his instructions to his son Solomon, he died. {#1Ki 2:1-10}. He had reigned in Hebron for seven years and six months, and thirty-three years in Jerusalem over all of Israel. {#2Sa 5:5} Concerning the forty years which the scripture attributes to his reign, we must take the term of his reign before he made Solomon king in his place, and consider that he lived for six more months after that. [L57] So that the years of Solomon's reign as mentioned in the scriptures are to be reckoned from the first month, a full half year before David's death.
white (hw#t, w#t), adj., whit·er, whit·est,
n., v., whit·ed, whit·ing.
–adj.
1. of the color of pure snow, of the margins of this page, etc.; reflecting nearly all the rays of sunlight or a similar light.
2. light or comparatively light in color.
3. (of human beings) marked by slight pigmentation of the skin, as of many Caucasoids.
4. for, limited to, or predominantly made up of persons whose racial heritage is Caucasian: a white club; a white neighborhood.
5. pallid or pale, as from fear or other strong emotion: white with rage.
6. silvery, gray, or hoary: white hair.
7. snowy: a white Christmas.
8. lacking color; transparent.
9. (politically) ultraconservative.
10. blank, as an unoccupied space in printed matter: Fill in the white space below.
11. Armor. composed entirely of polished steel plates without fabric or other covering; alwite.
12. wearing white clothing: a white monk.
13. Slang. decent, honorable, or dependable: That's very white of you.
14. auspicious or fortunate.
15. morally pure; innocent.
16. without malice; harmless: white magic.
17. (of wines) light-colored or yellowish, as opposed to red.
18. Brit. (of coffee) containing milk.
19. bleed white, Informal. to be or cause to be deprived of all one's resources: Dishonesty is bleeding the union white.
–n.
20. a color without hue at one extreme end of the scale of grays, opposite to black. A white surface reflects light of all hues completely and diffusely. Most so-called whites are very light grays: fresh snow, for example, reflects about 80 percent of the incident light, but to be strictly white, snow would have to reflect 100 percent of the incident light. It is the ultimate limit of a series of shades of any color.
21. a hue completely desaturated by admixture with white, the highest value possible.
22. quality or state of being white.
23. lightness of skin pigment.
24. a person whose racial heritage is Caucasian.
25. a white material or substance.
26. the white part of something.
27. Biol. a pellucid viscous fluid that surrounds the yolk of an egg; albumen.
28. the white part of the eyeball: He has a speck in the white of his eye.
29. whites,
a. white or nearly white clothing.
b. top-grade white flour.
30. white wine: Graves is a good white.
31. a type or breed that is white in color.
32. Usually, whites. a blank space in printing.
33. (cap.) a hog of any of several breeds having a white coat, as a Chester White.
34. Entomol. any of several white-winged butterflies of the family Pieridae, as the common cabbage butterflies.
35. white fabric.
36. Archery.
a. the outermost ring of the butt.
b. an arrow that hits this portion of the butt.
c. the central part of the butt or target, formerly painted white but now painted gold or yellow.
d. Archaic. a target painted white.
37. Chess, Checkers. the men or pieces that are light-colored.
38. (often cap.) a member of a royalist, conservative, or reactionary political party.
39. in the white, in an unfinished state or condition, as furniture wood that has not been stained or varnished.
–v.t.
40. Print.
a. to make white by leaving blank spaces (often fol. by out).
b. to whiten (areas of artwork) in retouching preparatory to photoengraving (often fol. by out).
41. Archaic. to make white; whiten.
42. white out,
a. to cover (errors in copy) with a white correction fluid.
b. to censor, as by obliterating words or passages with white ink.
[bef. 900; ME whit(e), OE hw#t; c. G weiss, ON hv#tr, Goth hweits; akin to WHEAT]
White (hw#t, w#t), n.
1. Byron R(aymond) (“Whizzer”), born 1917, U.S. lawyer and jurist: associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court 1962–93.
2. Edmund, born 1940, U.S. novelist.
3. Edward Douglass, 1845–1921, U.S. jurist: Chief Justice of the U.S. 1910–21.
4. Edward H(ig·gins), II (higÆinz), 1930–67, U.S. astronaut: first American to walk in space 1965.
5. E(l·wyn) B(rooks) (elÆwin), 1899–1985, U.S. humorist and poet.
6. George Leonard, 1838–95, U.S. choral conductor.
7. Gilbert, 1720–93, English clergyman, naturalist, and writer.
8. Patrick (Victor Mar·tin·dale) (märÆtn d!lÅ), 1912–90, Australian writer, born in England: Nobel prize 1973.
9. Stanford, 1853–1906, U.S. architect.
10. Stewart Edward, 1873–1946, U.S. novelist.
11. T(erence) H(an·bur·y) (hanÆbà r"), 1896–1964, English novelist.
12. Theodore H., 1915–86, U.S. journalist and writer.
13. Walter Francis, 1893–1955, U.S. civil-rights leader and writer: executive secretary of the NAACP 1931–55.
14. William A(l·an·son) (alÆÃn sÃn), 1870–1937, U.S. neurologist, psychiatrist, and writer.
15. William Allen, 1868–1944, U.S. journalist.
black (blak), adj., -er, -est, n., v., adv.
–adj.
1. lacking hue and brightness; absorbing light without reflecting any of the rays composing it.
2. characterized by absence of light; enveloped in darkness: a black night.
3. (sometimes cap.)
a. pertaining or belonging to any of the various populations characterized by dark skin pigmentation, specifically the dark-skinned peoples of Africa, Oceania, and Australia.
b. African-American.
4. soiled or stained with dirt: That shirt was black within an hour.
5. gloomy; pessimistic; dismal: a black outlook.
6. deliberately; harmful; inexcusable: a black lie.
7. boding ill; sullen or hostile; threatening: black words; black looks.
8. (of coffee or tea) without milk or cream.
9. without any moral quality or goodness; evil; wicked: His black heart has concocted yet another black deed.
10. indicating censure, disgrace, or liability to punishment: a black mark on one's record.
11. marked by disaster or misfortune: black areas of drought; Black Friday.
12. wearing black or dark clothing or armor: the black prince.
13. based on the grotesque, morbid, or unpleasant aspects of life: black comedy; black humor.
14. (of a check mark, flag, etc.) done or written in black to indicate, as on a list, that which is undesirable, sub-standard, potentially dangerous, etc.: Pilots put a black flag next to the ten most dangerous airports.
15. illegal or underground: The black economy pays no taxes.
16. showing a profit; not showing any losses: the first black quarter in two years.
17. deliberately false or intentionally misleading: black propaganda.
18. Brit. boycotted, as certain goods or products by a trade union.
19. (of steel) in the form in which it comes from the rolling mill or forge; unfinished.
20. black or white, completely either one way or another, without any intermediate state.
–n.
21. the color at one extreme end of the scale of grays, opposite to white, absorbing all light incident upon it. Cf. white (def. 20).
22. (sometimes cap.)
a. a member of any of various dark-skinned peoples, esp. those of Africa, Oceania, and Australia.
b. African-American.
23. black clothing, esp. as a sign of mourning: He wore black at the funeral.
24. Chess, Checkers. the dark-colored men or pieces or squares.
25. black pigment: lamp black.
26. Slang. See black beauty.
27. a horse or other animal that is entirely black.
28. black and white,
a. print or writing: I want that agreement in black and white.
b. a monochromatic picture done with black and white only.
c. a chocolate soda containing vanilla ice cream.
29. in the black, operating at a profit or being out of debt (opposed to in the red): New production methods put the company in the black.
–v.t.
30. to make black; put black on; blacken.
31. Brit. to boycott or ban.
32. to polish (shoes, boots, etc.) with blacking.
–v.i.
33. to become black; take on a black color; blacken.
34. black out,
a. to lose consciousness: He blacked out at the sight of blood.
b. to erase, obliterate, or suppress: News reports were blacked out.
c. to forget everything relating to a particular event, person, etc.: When it came to his war experiences he blacked out completely.
d. Theat. to extinguish all of the stage lights.
e. to make or become inoperable: to black out the radio broadcasts from the U.S.
f. Mil. to obscure by concealing all light in defense against air raids.
g. Radio and Television. to impose a broadcast blackout on (an area).
h. to withdraw or cancel (a special fare, sale, discount, etc.) for a designated period: The special air fare discount will be blacked out by the airlines over the holiday weekend.
–adv.
35. (of coffee or tea) served without milk or cream.
[bef. 900; ME blak, OE blæc; c. OHG blah-; akin to ON blakkr black, blek ink]
—blackÆish, adj.
—blackÆish·ly, adv.
—blackÆish·ness, n.
—Syn.1. dark, dusky; sooty, inky; swart, swarthy; sable, ebony. 4. dirty, dingy. 5. sad, depressing, somber, doleful, mournful, funereal. 7. disastrous, calamitous. 9. sinful, inhuman, fiendish, devilish, infernal, monstrous; atrocious, horrible; nefarious, treacherous, traitorous, villainous.
—Ant.1. white. 4. clean. 5. hopeful, cheerful.
—Usage.3, 22. BLACK, COLORED, and NEGRO have all been used to describe or name the dark-skinned African peoples or their descendants. COLORED, now somewhat old-fashioned, is often offensive. In the late 1950s BLACK began to replace NEGRO and today is the most widely used term. Common as an adjective (black woman, man, American, people, etc.), BLACK is also used as a noun, especially in the plural. Like other terms referring to skin color (white, yellow), BLACK is usually not capitalized, except in proper names or titles (Black Muslim; Black English). In the appropriate meanings AFRO-AMERICAN is sometimes used instead of BLACK.
Black (blak), n.
1. Hugo Lafayette, 1886–1971, U.S. political official: associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court 1937–71.
2. Joseph, 1728–99, Scottish physician and chemist.
3. Shirley Temple. See Temple, Shirley.
red1 (red), n. adj., red·der, red·dest.
–n.
1. any of various colors resembling the color of blood; the primary color at one extreme end of the visible spectrum, an effect of light with a wavelength between 610 and 780 nm.
2. something red.
3. (often cap.) a radical leftist in politics, esp. a communist.
4. Informal. See red light (def. 1).
5. Informal. red wine: a glass of red.
6. Also called red devil, red bird. Slang. a capsule of the drug secobarbital, usually red in color.
7. in the red, operating at a loss or being in debt (opposed to in the black): The newspaper strike put many businesses in the red.
8. paint the town red. See paint (def. 16).
9. see red, Informal. to become very angry; become enraged: Snobs make her see red.
–adj.
10. of the color red.
11. having distinctive areas or markings of red: a red robin.
12. of or indicating a state of financial loss or indebtedness: the red column in the ledger.
13. radically left politically.
14. (often cap.) communist.
15. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of North American Indian peoples: no longer in technical use.
[bef. 900; ME red, OE r"ad; c. G rot, D rood, ON raudhr, L r%fus, ruber, Gk erythrós; see RUBELLA, RUFESCENT, ERYTHRO-]
—redÆly, adv.
red2 (red), v.t., red, red·ding.
redd1.
Red (red), n.
a male or female given name.
red-,
var. of re- before a vowel or h in some words: redintegrate.
-red,
a native English suffix, denoting condition, formerly used in the formation of nouns: hatred; kindred.
[ME -rede, OE -r%den]
or·ange (ôrÆinj, orÆ-), n.
1. a globose, reddish-yellow, bitter or sweet, edible citrus fruit.
2. any white-flowered, evergreen citrus trees of the genus Citrus, bearing this fruit, as C. aurantium (bitter orange, Seville orange, or sour orange) and C. sinensis (sweet orange), cultivated in warm countries.
3. any of several other citrus trees, as the trifoliate orange.
4. any of several trees or fruits resembling an orange.
5. a color between yellow and red in the spectrum, an effect of light with a wavelength between 590 and 610 nm; reddish yellow.
6. Art. a secondary color that has been formed by the mixture of red and yellow pigments.
–adj.
7. of or pertaining to the orange.
8. made or prepared with oranges or orangelike flavoring: orange sherbet.
9. of the color orange; reddish-yellow.
[1300–50; ME: the fruit or tree < OF orenge, c. Sp naranja < Ar n!ranj < Pers n!rang < Skt n!ra¯ga]
Or·ange (ôrÆinj, orÆ-; Fr. ô RäNzhÆ for 3, 6), n.
1. a member of a European princely family ruling in the United Kingdom from 1688 to 1694 and in the Netherlands since 1815.
2. a river in the Republic of South Africa, flowing W from Lesotho to the Atlantic. 1300 mi. (2095 km) long.
3. a former small principality of W Europe: now in the SE part of France.
4. a city in SW California, near Los Angeles. 91,788.
5. a city in NE New Jersey, near Newark. 31,136.
6. a town in SE France, near Avignon: Roman ruins. 26,468.
7. a city in SE Texas. 23,628.
8. a town in S Connecticut. 13,237.
9. Fort. See Fort Orange.
yel·low (yelÆ$), n., adj., -er, -est, v.
–n.
1. a color like that of egg yolk, ripe lemons, etc.; the primary color between green and orange in the visible spectrum, an effect of light with a wavelength between 570 and 590 nm.
2. the yolk of an egg.
3. a yellow pigment or dye.
4. Informal. See yellow light.
5. Slang. See yellow jacket (def. 2).
–adj.
6. of the color yellow.
7. Often Offensive.
a. designating or pertaining to an Oriental person or Oriental peoples.
b. designating or pertaining to a person of mixed racial origin, esp. of black and white heritage, whose skin is yellowish or yellowish brown.
8. having a sallow or yellowish complexion.
9. Informal. cowardly.
10. (of journalism, a newspaper, etc.)
a. sensational, esp. morbidly or offensively so: That yellow rag carried all the gory details.
b. dishonest in editorial comment and the presentation of news, esp. in sacrificing truth for sensationalism: Objective reporting isn't always a match for yellow journalism.
11. jealous; envious.
–v.t., v.i.
12. to make or become yellow: Yellow the sheets with dye. The white stationery had yellowed with age.
[bef. 900; 1895–1900 for def. 9; ME yelou (adj. and n.), OE geolo, geolu (adj.); c. D geel, G gelb, L helvus pale-yellow; akin to ON gulr]
—yelÆlow·ly, adv.
—yelÆlow·ness, n.
—Syn.9. craven, timorous, fearful.
green (gr"n), adj., -er, -est, n., v.
–adj.
1. of the color of growing foliage, between yellow and blue in the spectrum: green leaves.
2. covered with herbage or foliage; verdant: green fields.
3. characterized by the presence of verdure.
4. made of green vegetables, as lettuce, spinach, endive, or chicory: a green salad.
5. not fully developed or perfected in growth or condition; unripe; not properly aged: This peach is still green.
6. unseasoned; not dried or cured: green lumber.
7. immature in age or judgment; untrained; inexperienced: a green worker.
8. simple; unsophisticated; gullible; easily fooled.
9. fresh, recent, or new: an insult still green in his mind.
10. having a sickly appearance; pale; wan: green with fear; green with envy.
11. full of life and vigor; young: a man ripe in years but green in heart.
12. environmentally sound or beneficial: green computers.
13. (of wine) having a flavor that is raw, harsh, and acid, due esp. to a lack of maturity.
14. freshly slaughtered or still raw: green meat.
15. not fired, as bricks or pottery.
16. (of cement or mortar) freshly set and not completely hardened.
17. Foundry.
a. (of sand) sufficiently moist to form a compact lining for a mold without further treatment.
b. (of a casting) as it comes from the mold.
c. (of a powder, in powder metallurgy) unsintered.
–n.
18. a color intermediate in the spectrum between yellow and blue, an effect of light with a wavelength between 500 and 570 nm; found in nature as the color of most grasses and leaves while growing, of some fruits while ripening, and of the sea.
19. Art. a secondary color that has been formed by the mixture of blue and yellow pigments.
20. green coloring matter, as paint or dye.
21. green material or clothing: to be dressed in green.
22. greens,
a. fresh leaves or branches of trees, shrubs, etc., used for decoration; wreaths.
b. the leaves and stems of plants, as spinach, lettuce, or cabbage, used for food.
c. a blue-green uniform of the U.S. Army.
23. grassy land; a plot of grassy ground.
24. a piece of grassy ground constituting a town or village common.
25. Also called putting green. Golf. the area of closely cropped grass surrounding each hole.
26. See bowling green.
27. a shooting range for archery.
28. Informal. See green light (def. 1).
29. Slang. money; greenbacks (usually prec. by the): I'd like to buy a new car but I don't have the green.
30. (cap.) a member of the Green party (in Germany).
31. read the green, to inspect a golf green, analyzing its slope and surface, so as to determine the difficulties to be encountered when putting.
–v.i., v.t.
32. to become or make green.
33. Informal. to restore the vitality of: Younger executives are greening corporate managements.
[bef. 900; ME, OE gr"ne; c. G grün; akin to GROW]
—greenÆage, n.
—greenÆly, adv.
Green (gr"n), n.
1. Henrietta Howland Robinson (“Hetty”), 1835–1916, U.S. financier.
2. Henry (Henry Vincent Yorke), 1905–73, English novelist.
3. John Richard, 1837–83, English historian.
4. Julian, born 1900, U.S. writer.
5. Paul Eliot, 1894–1981, U.S. playwright, novelist, and teacher.
6. William, 1873–1952, U.S. labor leader: president of the A.F.L. 1924–52.
7. a river flowing S from W Wyoming to join the Colorado River in SE Utah. 730 mi. (1175 km) long.
blue (blÁ), n., adj., blu·er, blu·est, v., blued, blu·ing or blue·ing.
–n.
1. the pure color of a clear sky; the primary color between green and violet in the visible spectrum, an effect of light with a wavelength between 450 and 500 nm.
2. bluing.
3. something having a blue color: Place the blue next to the red.
4. a person who wears blue or is a member of a group characterized by some blue symbol: Tomorrow the blues will play the browns.
5. (often cap.) a member of the Union army in the American Civil War or the army itself. Cf. gray (def. 13).
6. bluestocking.
7. See blue ribbon (def. 1).
8. any of several blue-winged butterflies of the family Lycaenidae.
9. Print. blueline.
10. the blue,
a. the sky.
b. the sea.
c. the remote distance: They've vanished into the blue somewhere.
11. out of the blue, suddenly and unexpectedly: The inheritance came out of the blue as a stroke of good fortune.
–adj.
12. of the color of blue: a blue tie.
13. (cap.) of or pertaining to the Union army in the American Civil War.
14. (of the skin) discolored by cold, contusion, fear, or vascular collapse.
15. depressed in spirits; dejected; melancholy: She felt blue about not being chosen for the team.
16. holding or offering little hope; dismal; bleak: a blue outlook.
17. characterized by or stemming from rigid morals or religion: statutes that were blue and unrealistic.
18. marked by blasphemy: The air was blue with oaths.
19. (of an animal's pelage) grayish-blue.
20. indecent; somewhat obscene; risqué: a blue joke or film.
21. blue in the face, exhausted and speechless, as from excessive anger, physical strain, etc.: I reminded him about it till I was blue in the face.
–v.t.
22. to make blue; dye a blue color.
23. to tinge with bluing: Don't blue your clothes till the second rinse.
–v.i.
24. to become or turn blue.
[1250–1300; ME blewe < AF blew, bl(i)u, bl(i)ef blue, livid, discolored, OF blo, blau (F bleu) < Gmc *bl%waz; cf. OE bl%wen, contr. of bl%h%wen deep blue, perse (see BLAE, HUE), OFris bl!w, MD bl!(u), OHG bl!o (G blau), ON bl!r]
—blueÆly, adv.
—blueÆness, n.
—Syn.1. azure, cerulean, sapphire. 15. despondent, unhappy, morose, doleful, dispirited, sad, glum, downcast. 16. gloomy, dispiriting. 17. righteous, puritanical, moral, severe, prudish.
—Ant.15. happy.
in·di·go (inÆdi g$Å), n., pl. -gos, -goes, adj.
–n.
1. a blue dye obtained from various plants, esp. of the genus Indigofera, or manufactured synthetically.
2. See indigo blue (def. 2).
3. any of numerous hairy plants belonging to the genus Indigofera, of the legume family, having pinnate leaves and clusters of usually red or purple flowers.
4. a color ranging from a deep violet blue to a dark, grayish blue.
–adj.
5. Also called indigo-blue, indigotic. of the color indigo.
[1545–55; < Sp or Pg, var. of ÍNDICO < L indicum < Gk indikón, n. use of neut. of Indikós INDIC]
vi·o·let (v#ÆÃ lit), n.
1. any chiefly low, stemless or leafy-stemmed plant of the genus Viola, having purple, blue, yellow, white, or variegated flowers. Cf. violet family.
2. any such plant except the pansy and the viola.
3. the flower of any native, wild species of violet, as distinguished from the pansy: the state flower of Illinois, New Jersey, and Rhode Island.
4. any of various similar plants of other genera.
5. reddish-blue, a color at the opposite end of the visible spectrum from red, an effect of light with a wavelength between 400 and 450 nm.
–adj.
6. of the color violet; reddish-blue: violet hats.
[1300–50; ME < OF violete, equiv. to viole (< L viola violet) + -ete -ET]
Vi·o·let (v#ÆÃ lit), n.
a female given name.
Also, Vi·o·lette (v#ÅÃ letÆ, v#ÆÃ lit),
Vi·o·let·ta (v#ÅÃ letÆÃ).
electromagnetÆic radiaÆtion, Physics.
radiation consisting of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays.
[1950–55]
light1 (l#t), n., adj., -er, -est, v., light·ed or lit, light·ing.
–n.
1. something that makes things visible or affords illumination: All colors depend on light.
2. Physics.
a. Also called luminous energy, radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation to which the organs of sight react, ranging in wavelength from about 400 to 700 nm and propagated at a speed of 186,282 mi./sec (299,972 km/sec), considered variously as a wave, corpuscular, or quantum phenomenon.
b. a similar form of radiant energy that does not affect the retina, as ultraviolet or infrared rays.
3. the sensation produced by stimulation of the organs of sight.
4. an illuminating agent or source, as the sun, a lamp, or a beacon.
5. the radiance or illumination from a particular source: the light of a candle.
6. the illumination from the sun; daylight: We awoke at the first light.
7. daybreak or dawn: when light appeared in the east.
8. daytime: Summer has more hours of light.
9. a particular light or illumination in which an object seen takes on a certain appearance: viewing the portrait in dim light.
10. a device for or means of igniting, as a spark, flame, or match: Could you give me a light?
11. a traffic light: Don't cross till the light changes.
12. the aspect in which a thing appears or is regarded: Try to look at the situation in a more cheerful light.
13. the state of being visible, exposed to view, or revealed to public notice or knowledge; limelight: Stardom has placed her in the light.
14. a person who is an outstanding leader, celebrity, or example; luminary: He became one of the leading lights of Restoration drama.
15. Art.
a. the effect of light falling on an object or scene as represented in a picture.
b. one of the brightest parts of a picture.
16. a gleam or sparkle, as in the eyes.
17. a measure or supply of light; illumination: The wall cuts off our light.
18. spiritual illumination or awareness; enlightenment.
19. Archit.
a. Also called day. one compartment of a window or window sash.
b. a window, esp. a small one.
20. mental insight; understanding.
21. lights, the information, ideas, or mental capacities possessed: to act according to one's lights.
22. a lighthouse.
23. Archaic. the eyesight.
24. bring to light, to discover or reveal: The excavations brought to light the remnants of an ancient civilization.
25. come to light, to be discovered or revealed: Some previously undiscovered letters have lately come to light.
26. hide one's light under a bushel, to conceal or suppress one's talents or successes.
27. in a good (or bad) light, under favorable (or unfavorable) circumstances: She worshiped him, but then she'd only seen him in a good light.
28. in (the) light of, taking into account; because of; considering: It was necessary to review the decision in the light of recent developments.
29. light at the end of the tunnel, a prospect of success, relief, or redemption: We haven't solved the problem yet, but we're beginning to see light at the end of the tunnel.
30. see the light,
a. to come into existence or being.
b. to be made public.
c. to begin to accept or understand a point of view one formerly opposed: Her father was opposed to her attending an out-of-town college, but he finally saw the light.
31. shed or throw light on, to clarify; clear up: His deathbed confession threw light on a mystery of long standing.
–adj.
32. having light or illumination; bright; well-lighted: the lightest room in the entire house.
33. pale, whitish, or not deep or dark in color: a light blue.
34. (of coffee or tea) containing enough milk or cream to produce a light color.
–v.t.
35. to set burning, as a candle, lamp, fire, match, or cigarette; kindle; ignite.
36. to turn or switch on (an electric light): One flick of the master switch lights all the lamps in the room.
37. to give light to; furnish with light or illumination: The room is lighted by two large chandeliers.
38. to make (an area or object) bright with or as if with light (often fol. by up): Hundreds of candles lighted up the ballroom.
39. to cause (the face, surroundings, etc.) to brighten, esp. with joy, animation, or the like (often fol. by up): A smile lit up her face. Her presence lighted up the room.
40. to guide or conduct with a light: a candle to light you to bed.
–v.i.
41. to take fire or become kindled: The damp wood refused to light.
42. to ignite a cigar, cigarette, or pipe for purposes of smoking (usually fol. by up): He took out a pipe and lighted up before speaking.
43. to become illuminated when switched on: This table lamp won't light.
44. to become bright, as with light or color (often fol. by up): The sky lights up at sunset.
45. to brighten with animation or joy, as the face or eyes (often fol. by up).
[bef. 900; (n. and adj.) ME; OE l"oht; c. OS lioht, OFris liacht, D, G licht, Goth liuhath (n.); akin to ON lj$s (n.), lj$ss (adj.), L l%x (n.), Gk leukós bright, white; (v.) ME lighten, OE l#htan, c. OS liuhtian, OHG liuhten (G leuchten), Goth liuhtjan]
—lightÆful, adj.
—lightÆful·ly, adv.
light2 (l#t), adj., -er, -est, adv., -er, -est, n.
–adj.
1. of little weight; not heavy: a light load.
2. of little weight in proportion to bulk; of low specific gravity: a light metal.
3. of less than the usual or average weight: light clothing.
4. weighing less than the proper or standard amount: to be caught using light weights in trade.
5. of small amount, force, intensity, etc.: light trading on the stock market; a light rain; light sleep.
6. using or applying little or slight pressure or force: The child petted the puppy with light, gentle strokes.
7. not distinct; faint: The writing on the page had become light and hard to read.
8. easy to endure, deal with, or perform; not difficult or burdensome: light duties.
9. not very profound or serious; amusing or entertaining: light reading.
10. of little importance or consequence; trivial: The loss of his job was no light matter.
11. easily digested: light food.
12. low in any substance, as sugar, starch, or tars, that is considered harmful or undesirable: light cigarettes.
13. (of alcoholic beverages)
a. not heavy or strong: a light apéritif.
b. (esp. of beer and wine) having fewer calories and usually a lower alcohol content than the standard product.
14. spongy or well-leavened, as cake.
15. (of soil) containing much sand; porous or crumbly.
16. slender or delicate in form or appearance: a light, graceful figure.
17. airy or buoyant in movement: When she dances, she's as light as a feather.
18. nimble or agile: light on one's feet.
19. free from trouble, sorrow, or worry; carefree: a light heart.
20. cheerful; gay: a light laugh.
21. characterized by lack of proper seriousness; frivolous: light conduct.
22. sexually promiscuous; loose.
23. easily swayed; changeable; volatile: a heart light of love; His is a life of a man light of purpose.
24. dizzy; slightly delirious: I get light on one martini.
25. Mil. lightly armed or equipped: light cavalry.
26. having little or no cargo, encumbrance, or the like; not burdened: a light freighter drawing little water.
27. adapted by small weight or slight build for small loads or swift movement: The grocer bought a light truck for deliveries.
28. using small-scale machinery primarily for the production of consumer goods: light industry.
29. Naut. noting any sail of light canvas set only in moderate or calm weather, as a royal, skysail, studdingsail, gaff topsail, or spinnaker.
30. Meteorol. (of wind) having a speed up to 7 mph (3 m/sec). Cf. light air, light breeze.
31. Phonet. (of l-sounds) resembling a front vowel in quality; clear: French l is lighter than English l.
32. Pros. (of a syllable)
a. unstressed.
b. short.
33. Poker. being in debt to the pot: He's a dollar light.
34. make light of, to treat as unimportant or trivial: They made light of our hard-won victory.
–adv.
35. lightly: to travel light.
36. with no load or cargo hauled or carried: a locomotive running light to its roundhouse.
–n.
37. a light product, as a beer or cigarette.
[bef. 900; ME; OE l"oht, l#ht; c. OFris li(u)cht, OS -l#ht, D licht, G leicht, ON l"ttr, Goth leihts]
—Syn. 7. indistinct; faded. 10. trifling, inconsiderable. 19. cheery, happy. 21. flighty.
—Ant. 1. heavy.
light3 (l#t), v.i., light·ed or lit, light·ing.
1. to get down or descend, as from a horse or a vehicle.
2. to come to rest, as on a spot or thing; fall or settle upon; land: The bird lighted on the branch. My eye lighted on some friends in the crowd.
3. to come by chance; happen; hit (usually fol. by on or upon): to light on a clue; to light on an ideal picnic spot.
4. to fall, as a stroke, weapon, vengeance, or choice, on a place or person: The choice lighted upon our candidate.
5. light into, Informal. to make a vigorous physical or verbal attack on: He would light into anyone with the slightest provocation.
6. light out, Slang. to leave quickly; depart hurriedly: He lit out of here as fast as his legs would carry him.
[bef. 900; ME lihten, OE l#htan to make light, relieve of a weight; see LIGHT2]
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