DeaconBlues wrote:
The X-Men were originally intended a a metaphor for adolescence (their powers kick in at puberty, causing strange changes in their bodies, and they're always being so terribly misunderstood); the introduction of the Brotherhood, and Magneto's backstory, led to the metaphor becoming one for the civil-rights movement of the Sixties (with Prof. Xavier, of course, standing in for Dr. King, and Erik Lensherr playing the part of the mutant Malcolm X). The metaphor for the struggle of homosexuals to be accepted fits in with the civil-rights thing, although it wasn't made blatant until the second X-Men movie (Iceman's mother: "Have you ever tried not being a mutant?").
The intent all along was to parallel the civil rights movement with the X-Men vs. the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants. The first five issues of the X-Men was about fighting Magneto and his brotherhood.
Of course this is problematic in many ways (Rev. King and Malcolm X were on pretty good terms, I understand). One thing is how the "good mutants" are always fighting to beat down the "bad mutants" to prove their worth to baseline humanity.
Writers in following years created parallels with other movements.