I suppose that could happen. The plumbing system of an aircraft carrier is probably quite complex.
They stopped using aircraft carriers powered by burning fossil fuels some decades ago. I am rather sure that all of the USN carriers in use today are nuclear powered. ships themselves dont need fuel oil storage the way that most ships do. But they have lubricating oil for the ship, fuel oil for the jet planes, potable water, for the crew to drink and bath in, water for the ship's nuclear reactor boilers, they may use sea water for fire fighting (so the water doesnt need to be stored but it stills has some kind of uptake system), and they have sprayable chemicals for fire suppression as well. So I suppose it could be a matter of getting 'fluids mixed up' somewhere in the bowls of the ship.
We Americans are all getting bombarded on TV ads, and some of us are also getting our email bombarded, by invitations to join the Camp Lejune Lawsuit - thousands drank drinking water contaimentated by Benzene for...a whole thirty years- at camp Lejune North Carolina. And that was a base on dry land. If they screw up the water on a base on dry land....and not do anything to fix the problem for thirty years...then I suppose temporary poisoning of water on ship is possible.