What is a living thing?
Orwell wrote:
Shiggily wrote:
well fluidly you can combine them as 4 or expand them into more. Science is not accurate. Basically,
Metabolism-Obtain and use energy
Growth-Grow, develop, and die
Reproduction
Adaption/Homeostasis/Response to Stimuli-Respond to the environment
Metabolism-Obtain and use energy
Growth-Grow, develop, and die
Reproduction
Adaption/Homeostasis/Response to Stimuli-Respond to the environment
Hm. Viruses reproduce, and they to respond to stimuli. Metabolism is harder to justify, since viruses mostly hijack a host's metabolism, but that is still a way of obtaining and using energy. Growth is not something I feel like arguing.
viruses cannot reproduce. they inject RNA into a cell and the cell reproduces for the virus. Their response to stimuli is marginal, and they have no mechanism for any metabolism, no mechanism for growth.
you have to realize that all a virus is, is a single piece of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell. it has no methods to grow, metabolize energy, or reproduce. The only one it qualifies for is response to stimuli. Everything else is done by a living cell which has the capabilities to grow, reproduce, and metabolize energy. The virus is not doing that... the cell is.
Shiggily wrote:
you have to realize that all a virus is, is a single piece of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell. it has no methods to grow, metabolize energy, or reproduce. The only one it qualifies for is response to stimuli. Everything else is done by a living cell which has the capabilities to grow, reproduce, and metabolize energy. The virus is not doing that... the cell is.
Nucleic acid is the most important component of a living thing. Those proteins are encoded by the viral DNA or RNA. OK, so a virus hijacks a host organism's functions and so ceases to perform those for itself. Why not? That's what parasites do; if you can get something else to do it for you there's no reason to keep that functionality yourself. Where exactly is the fundamental difference between that and a tapeworm?
_________________
WAR IS PEACE
FREEDOM IS SLAVERY
IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH
Orwell wrote:
Shiggily wrote:
you have to realize that all a virus is, is a single piece of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell. it has no methods to grow, metabolize energy, or reproduce. The only one it qualifies for is response to stimuli. Everything else is done by a living cell which has the capabilities to grow, reproduce, and metabolize energy. The virus is not doing that... the cell is.
Nucleic acid is the most important component of a living thing. Those proteins are encoded by the viral DNA or RNA. OK, so a virus hijacks a host organism's functions and so ceases to perform those for itself. Why not? That's what parasites do; if you can get something else to do it for you there's no reason to keep that functionality yourself. Where exactly is the fundamental difference between that and a tapeworm?
the metabolism, growth and development, and reproduction all happen within the tapeworm.
Fiz wrote:
I would consider a virus to be a living thing on these criteria:
They seem to 'know' which cells they have to target in order to sustain themselves and make copies of themselves.
They die in the incorrect environment e.g. the AIDS virus cannot survive if out of a human (or otherwise) host for more than 20 minutes (or so it is believed, you may have to check up on that time wise, besides I'm just using it as an example to illustrate my point). How can a virus be deemed 'dead' if in the incorrect conditions if it was never a living thing in the first place?
How something that isn't living to a certain degree cause the damage that it can potentially do to it's hosts e.g. the Ebola virus: if this was not alive, then how come it has the power to kill? Another way that this can be explained is to say that a virus is a special kind of poison - a toxin. But then if this be the case, viruses should not be described as being 'dead' in the incorrect environments etc.



I would say that a virus is only alive when it is inside a host cell, at all other times it is in a state of suspended life.
The first point yoou raised is not right, many things can recognise other things, it does not mean that the things are alive. For instance 18-crown-6 will bind to potassium ions. It does not mean that the potassium cations or the cyclic polyether are alive. It just means that a stable complex is formed between the two things.
Many things will change or be damaged if they are placed in the wrong environment, for instance the catalysts for many reactions (polyethylene synthesis and hydroformylation) will be deactivated by air. This does not mean that they are living things which are killed by oxygen.
Many things which are dead can mess you up, I would also suggest that ebola is a badly designed life form. A good parasite will cause little or no damage to the host. The parasite which kills its host will then need a new host, the common cold and Epstein-Barr viruses are better parasites as they tend to be able use the same host for much longer which increases their chances of long term survival.
_________________
Health is a state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Diagnosed under the DSM5 rules with autism spectrum disorder, under DSM4 psychologist said would have been AS (299.80) but I suspect that I am somewhere between 299.80 and 299.00 (Autism) under DSM4.
history_of_psychiatry wrote:
I know that the scientific community has guidelines to determine whether or not something is a living thing, but even their standards are inconsistent. For instance, the scientific community has been arguing back and forth for well over a hundred years about whether or not the virus is a living thing. A virus is just DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein shell. They do reproduce, but only with the help of the cell they attack. So is a virus a living thing or not? That is an example of what I mean. Where is the cutoff line that determines whether or not something is a living thing? I'm sure it is a very fine line. I believe in animism and believe that there is no such thing as a nonliving thing. The computer I am typing on at this moment is made of molecules and atoms just like I am. Hell, doesn't an atom even seem like it's alive? The electrons are constantly moving around the nucleus in a rapid order. So the question is: What is living and what is not? How do we determine what is living and what is not living?
A living thing must have the following characteristics:
1. It can convert chemical energy to heat or utilize a heat source external to itself to maintain its dynamic state.
2. It can repair and replicate itself
3. With an energy source it can maintain a far from equilibrium thermodynamic state (i.e. it can decrease its entropy locally). Of course it cannot decrease the entropy of the world globally (as could Maxwell's Demon).
Living things exist in a far from equilibrium thermodynamic state. When we die, our bodies cool off to the ambient temperature being in a near thermodynamic equilibrium with the surroundings. Entropy rules when we become worm food.
ruveyn
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