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Hammerfest

Longyearbyen


Why would the population have any bearing on whether a place is a city or not?

it has to do with the classification of a place as a town/city, etc.

I'd be surprised if anything that close to the poles could be classed as a city. I would think they're all tiny towns.

Both Japanese and Spanish employ double negation as the standard form instead of the frowned-upon irregularity it is in English. This means that a verb in negative form is expected to be accompanied by a negative pronoun. The English phrase "He wants nothing" / "He does not want anything" is rendered in Spanish as "No quiere nada" and in Japanese as "彼は何も望んでいません (kare wa nani mo nozonde imasen)."

on SATs and Terra Nova tests Japanese are most likely to be stumped by English irregularities than by the content material. One of those things is the use of double negatives. The other one is the negative phrasing of a sentence, such as which object does not belong or of the following answers, which one is not correct

While I'm not that nerdy about anything, it's the sort of conversation I'd prefer to 'ohhh, your hair...how did you get it to be like that? Your boyfriend did it for you? *Gasp* How romantic'. *Snore*

Hammerfest for one has a populations over 5,000. Also Svalbard is a cold, tundra island near the North Pole. The fact of it being so cold up there and the fact that the Artic Ocean ices over in the winter makes it very uninhabitable. Its mostly a island tourists go to when the weather is not so extreme.

hmm...I'm only High nerd...who knew?...

Hammerfest sounds like a Norse Rock Concert...

Would I sound dumb if I asked why that matters? Everybody and their dog has a population over 5K. The real milestones are 1K to become worth noticing and 10K to become a micropolitan area. Although I think it may be unfair to call Hammerfest a micropolitan area as as far as I can tell there is no area there.

too true!

It's not possible to create some colors using the red, yellow, blue(RYB) color theory.

Modern color theory is like this:

The primary colors of emitted light are red, green and blue. The secondary colors of light are cyan, magenta and yellow.

The primary colors of pigments/dyes(which are reflected) are cyan, magenta and yellow. The secondary colors of pigments/dyes are red, green and blue.

The primary colors of light are the secondary colors of pigment/dye, and the primary colors of pigments/dyes are the secondary colors of light.

Light color is "additive", meaning that perception of secondary colors is caused by primary colors being "added" together. Secondary light colors can be shown to still "contain" its primary colors. The absence of light color is black, and the combination of all light colors is "white".

Pigment color is "subtractive", meaning the secondary colors of pigments/dyes are produced by dye or pigment absorbing or "subtracting" colors from a source(like white paper). This can explain why a dyes wouldn't leave the same color stain on every surface touched. The addition of a dye causes the absorption of more wavelengths of light.

Human eyes have color receptor cells called "cones" which detect the emitted primary colors: red, green, and blue. "Color deficiency" happens when one or more of the types of cones are too much like one of the others, or when one type of cone is not produced in a person's eyes.

For example, the "red" cones in a person's eyes may be too similar to the design of the "green" cones, which would make said person's eyes detect too much green and not enough red. The "green" cones may be too similar to the design of red cones, which would make said person's eyes detect too much red and not enough green. Either of these would make it more difficult to detect secondary colors containing said abnormal cone's expected color.

It's also possible for one or all types of cones to not be produced at all, which would make detecting the missing cones' expected color impossible. To a person without one of these types of cones, secondary colors containing that color would appear as if that color was not present.

The absence of either two or all three types of cones causes inability to distinguish color. This is called monochromacy or "color blindness".

I was mainly referring to mixing paint colour. What colour do you think is unmixable?

you can't make white by adding blue, yellow and red together.

white is not a colour, neither is black.

So. To start with, there are an infinite number of "colours".

I'll assume for now that the continuum hypothesis is true, and that the aleph numbers and the beth numbers are the same.

Primarily, you may be thinking of colours as single frequencies from the spectrum, when there are aleph one of them. Not countably infinite, even, but transfinite.

However, when you look at a colour, you will normally be viewing a combination of spectral frequencies... in fact, a whole spread. I.e.to decide the "colour" you are seeing, the shaped spectrum of colours is needed.

The infinity of real colours is the number of functions of a real variable, which I believe corresponds to beth two, which may be aleph two, i.e the second transfinite number.

What the human eye has is rods and cones (and maybe ganglion cell photoreceptors are also relevant). The rods are more sensitive to light than the cones. The cones have three variants that tend to detect red, green or blue. The rod sensitivity is centred more toward cyan. At lowish light levels, all four can be acting in concert, although the neurology differs, to an extent, between how the signals are handled for rods versus cones.

Anyway, none of these cells "detect a colour". They are responsive to overlapping broad ranges of colours from the spectrum.

So, the "real colour" that is coming into your eye gives rise to three (four or maybe five) signal levels, for red, green, blue. (There may be a little bit of cyan sensitivity and some weird extra ganglion sensing.)

You cannot distinguish which colour you are seeing. What you can do, is generally "get by" with pretty clearly identifying monochrome light, but even that is entirely done by the neurology AFTER the cones. Given monochrome cyan light, say, your rods will respond most to that, but will be largely ignored if the light intensity is reasonably high. Your blue sensing cones will respond a little, but your red cones will have a larger response. Your green cones will be the most responsive. Given all those "clues" your brain comes up with the quite acceptable "guess" that what you are seeing is monochrome cyan. However, there are an infinite number of colour spectra that will produce the same responses from all your receptors.

A TV image, with its RGB capability, manages to fool your eyes into believing that it can generate all possible colours, but that's not really the case, although it is close enough. It can stimulate the cones of the human eye in the appropriate proportions, which is all that really matters.

Only thinking in terms of the cones, a single cone type would mean that you could only see intensity, and would have no idea what colour was present.

With two types of cone, the combined response tells you the intensity, and the difference between the signals each receives gives you the frequency - so you can distinguish intensity and frequency for monochrome light.

The three cones give us much greater accuracy on determining which of the monochrome colours we are seeing, but strictly speaking, should allow us to recognise more than just a monochrome colour. I.e. our eyes should be able to distinguish a colour which is a combination of the longest blue and shortest red frequencies from a monochrome sitting between the two, as the latter would cause a much greater response from the green cones.

for paint it is

The only color that does not correspond to any true wavelength is magenta. Our brain creates it as a blend of red and blue when our retinas receive wavelengths of both colors. (It's the same phenomenon that happens when our retinas receive, for example, red and green, and we end up seeing yellow.) Thus the so-called cromatic circle can be closed, but in reality it's a spectrum stretching out to ultraviolet to one side and infrared to the other, and beyond. Magenta is a brain fabrication for a color that does not exist.