Hydropower is limited to local water sources that are already at full utilization in most places.
Solar and Wind take up too much area and have many other problems that prevent them from being practical. Wind generators require maintenance, solar cells are high-tech goods that require toxic chemicals and more resources to produce.
Hydrocarbons pollute, cause cancer, asthma, kill people in power plant explosions, by-products cannot easily be contained, etc. Not good over long term.
Nuclear Fission produces radioactive by-products, but these have been stored on-site for decades without problems. The wastes can be concentrated in a certain area.
Nuclear Fusion power plants are not developed yet, The US started research in the early 90s. Once they realized it might actually work, they shut it down. Now a few European and Asian countries are beginning to start research again. 15 years of potential research time lost.
If I remember correctly from my class on energy:
Renewable resources will not be able to keep up with consumption no matter how much research is thrown into them. For them to have worked, they would have needed to develop at the same time as coal and gas....100-200 years ago. It's too late now....
Natural gas will reach it's peak in less than a decade
"Clean" oil/petrolium will run out by 2075
Shale oil may be enough to get the world to the end of the century
In the US petrolium peaked in the 70s-80s, then we had to ship in from the rest of the world
World petrolium peaked somewhere around 2001
"clean" coal will run out by 2225-2250
coal with sulfur content will not last much longer
Nuclear fission will last at least a few more centuries after coal.
Nuclear fusion is considered the "holy grail" of energy production. It may be another 20-30 years before reactors break even. A decade or two after that and they will be efficient enough to compete with other resources. Two power plants would be enough to power the entire United State. Several could power Europe.
Antimatter does not make sense as a power source. It needs to be created first. You can't get out more energy than you put in. ...Or harvested from another part of the galaxy. Not practical. However as spaceship fuel, it is the best fuel known. A potential of 50% effeciency
Resource consumption doubles every 25 years, has been predictable for over 200 years.
A graph of the consumption looks like an exponentially increasing scale.
Resource production looks like a bell curve.
When around one-fourth of a resource is used, it can no longer meet demand. At one-fourth, it stops growing exponentially with the demand. At the half-point peak supply is a flat line......demand is still growing exponentially. See the problem? At one-fourth consumption of a resource, there is already a supply problem.