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AspE
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15 Nov 2013, 5:30 pm

Kurgan wrote:
Nobody's denying that it's increasing, but it has never been stable.

Image

Yeah, that's called metastable. There are fluctuations, but the overall pattern remained the same for a long, long time.

Kurgan wrote:
What you'll never hear of in the media, is that continental activity (and thus CO2 levels) have also increased rapidly between 1800 and 2000.

Does not hearing it in the media mean there is no data on that and you just made it up?



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It actually fluctuates significantly, based on many factors.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/c ... r_2002.gif

Your chart doesn't show fluctuations, it shows a gradual increase over time, which mirrors global temperature rise.

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It's the same basic chemical reaction (and that goes for smog as well). This is high school chemistry, and anyone who can balance a chemical equation knows this. Ocean accidification is mainly a problem near the coastal lines. The ocean absorbs a lot of CO2, but it also releases a lot of CO2.

It's also a chemical reaction, but you cited the wrong chemical reaction! The fact remains that the acidity of the oceans is increasing. But you acknowledge increasing CO2, you just wish it wasn't us that did it, I'm guessing for political reasons.

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Most people, nor most internet vendors and hospitals did nothing whatsoever to secure themselves against it, despite the fact that pretty much any major electronic device had a CPU in 2000. Few people noticed anything; the worst thing that happened was that DOS based versions of Windows messed with the date stamps on files.

It could have been a bigger problem, but it nevertheless was a real problem. Critical infrastructure was rewritten to address this.

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The ice levels were significantly lower in the medieval warm period, and the vikings even had farms on Greenland.

That is a common myth, but it is not a fact.

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In other words, the exact same thing as the medieval warm period repeats itself.

Except that was regional, not global.

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It affected all the continents and was global.

Saying that doesn't make it true. I cited the Newscientist article that explained this.



kicker
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15 Nov 2013, 5:36 pm

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:wink:



pete1061
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15 Nov 2013, 5:57 pm

I think more attention should be paid on how we should adapt, rather than these foolish and arrogant ideas on how to engineer the climate to something more comfortable. We are likely to just make matters worse in the attempts to engineer something as complex as a planet's climate system.


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AspE
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15 Nov 2013, 6:02 pm

pete1061 wrote:
I think more attention should be paid on how we should adapt, rather than these foolish and arrogant ideas on how to engineer the climate to something more comfortable. We are likely to just make matters worse in the attempts to engineer something as complex as a planet's climate system.

All we have to do is lower CO2 emissions. I think they will be reduced anyway due to a long term economic contraction based on diminishing energy supplies (peak oil).



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15 Nov 2013, 6:50 pm

Kurgan wrote:
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Ocean acidification is something different than acid rain. Again, your credibility on these issues should be questioned for not knowing this, nothing personal.


It's the same basic chemical reaction (and that goes for smog as well). This is high school chemistry, and anyone who can balance a chemical equation knows this.

Actually, it isn't. Ocean acidification is caused by shifts in the equilibrium between CO2 (aq) and CO2 (g). Introduce more CO2 (g) into the system and more will be absorbed into the ocean to compensate. This forms carbonic acid.

ruveyn wrote:
None of the current models can account for either the Medieval Warming Period or the "Little Ice Age" 1300-1715

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Except they can?

Don't just outright lie.

Rekacewicz (2005) produced three models. One was anthropogenic changes only. This didn't fit the observed temperature changes. Then another was natural changes only. This was actually worse. Only when both anthropogenic and natural changes are considered together can we get an accurate model.

Climate scientists don't claim that humans are responsible for 100% of the changes. Though at the moment we're having a massive impact.

Previously, the temperature changed due to natural cycles. Now, we're changing it beyond those natural cycles.

eric76 wrote:
Increases in CO2 have been found to lag increases in temperature.

There is some legitimate thought that the increases in CO2 may largely be the result of increases in temperature rather than the cause of increases in temperature.

That is very much a fringe position.

We know how greenhouse gases cause warming. We know about dipole changes and infrared absorption- we rely on these things in order to identify substances all the time. Even if temperature rises do start natural spirals of CO2 increasing and driving further temperature increases, the CO2 we pour out will still act as a greenhouse gas. So I don't think it even matters if those fringe scientists are right.



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15 Nov 2013, 10:22 pm

The science around how increased CO2 concentrations lead to higher temperatures is very well understood and easily verifiable. If you are so inclined, you can even set up an experiment in your own home and see the results for yourself. We've basically released several million years worth of carbon back into the atmosphere within about 100 years, with more to come!

If you ignore all the complexities and look at everything as a whole, it is really just a simple mass/energy balance.

The_Walrus wrote:
In any case, enzymes operate at optimum temperatures, which are generally the temperature that the plant naturally lives at. Increasing temperature can lead to decreased yield. It will also lead to increased demand for water.


Typically organisms will prefer temperatures that are as high as possible without denaturing any of their proteins. This is because kinetic rates increase with temperature, so higher temperatures yield more reactions = faster metabolism. Because of that, most organisms already live near their "maximum" temperatures.



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15 Nov 2013, 10:42 pm

AspE wrote:
Kurgan wrote:
People seem to ignore the fact that the natural emissions are far from static, and that there's no invisible hand in the nature that fine tune everything to match these fluctuations, while ignoring anthropogenic sources.

Before the industrial revolution, the CO2 content in the air remained relatively steady for thousands of years.
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Yes.


There is certainly dispute about that.

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The concentration of water vapor in the atmosphere is in equilibrium. If more water goes into the air, it only stays there a matter of days before it falls out as rain. The atmosphere can only hold more water vapor if overall temperatures increase.


Warmer temperatures means that the air can hold more water vapor and thus the potential for more precipitation.

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The Arctic ice cap is melting under the effects of global warming and in August it saw its second largest summer shrinkage since satellite observations began 30 years ago, US scientists said last week.

The North Pole itself could even become free of ice by September for the first time in modern history, setting a new milestone in the effects of global warming on the Arctic ice shelf, NSIDC glaciologist Mark Serreze told AFP in late June.

Explorer and adventurer Lewis Gordon Pugh has begun a kayak expedition to the North Pole aimed at drawing attention to the dramatic impact of melting polar ice in the Arctic, his blog said Sunday.


So why is an ice free North Pole in the summer a problem?



eric76
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15 Nov 2013, 10:52 pm

The_Walrus wrote:
eric76 wrote:
Increases in CO2 have been found to lag increases in temperature.

There is some legitimate thought that the increases in CO2 may largely be the result of increases in temperature rather than the cause of increases in temperature.

That is very much a fringe position.

We know how greenhouse gases cause warming.


You need to qualify "We know how greenhouse gases cause warming." to "We know how greenhouse gases cause warming in a controlled laboratory environment." In the real world, they aren't so simple.



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15 Nov 2013, 10:56 pm

About the Medieval Warm Period from http://www.michaelkeller.com/news/news575.htm:

Quote:
From the outset of the global warming debate in the late 1980s, environmentalists have said that temperatures are rising higher and faster than ever before, leading some scientists to conclude that greenhouse gases from cars and power stations are causing these "record-breaking" global temperatures.

Last year, scientists working for the UK Climate Impacts Programme said that global temperatures were "the hottest since records began" and added: "We are pretty sure that climate change due to human activity is here and it's accelerating."

This announcement followed research published in 1998, when scientists at the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia declared that the 1990s had been hotter than any other period for 1,000 years.

Such claims have now been sharply contradicted by the most comprehensive study yet of global temperature over the past 1,000 years. A review of more than 240 scientific studies has shown that today's temperatures are neither the warmest over the past millennium, nor are they producing the most extreme weather - in stark contrast to the claims of the environmentalists.

The review, carried out by a team from Harvard University, examined the findings of studies of so-called "temperature proxies" such as tree rings, ice cores and historical accounts which allow scientists to estimate temperatures prevailing at sites around the world.

The findings prove that the world experienced a Medieval Warm Period between the ninth and 14th centuries with global temperatures significantly higher even than today.

They also confirm claims that a Little Ice Age set in around 1300, during which the world cooled dramatically. Since 1900, the world has begun to warm up again - but has still to reach the balmy temperatures of the Middle Ages.

...

Dr Philip Stott, the professor emeritus of bio-geography at the University of London, told The Telegraph: "What has been forgotten in all the discussion about global warming is a proper sense of history."

According to Prof Stott, the evidence also undermines doom-laden predictions about the effect of higher global temperatures. "During the Medieval Warm Period, the world was warmer even than today, and history shows that it was a wonderful period of plenty for everyone."

In contrast, said Prof Stott, severe famines and economic collapse followed the onset of the Little Ice Age around 1300. He said: "When the temperature started to drop, harvests failed and England's vine industry died. It makes one wonder why there is so much fear of warmth."


It looks to me like Dr Stott has it exactly correct.



Tollorin
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16 Nov 2013, 7:46 am

eric76 wrote:
About the Medieval Warm Period from http://www.michaelkeller.com/news/news575.htm:
Quote:
From the outset of the global warming debate in the late 1980s, environmentalists have said that temperatures are rising higher and faster than ever before, leading some scientists to conclude that greenhouse gases from cars and power stations are causing these "record-breaking" global temperatures.

Last year, scientists working for the UK Climate Impacts Programme said that global temperatures were "the hottest since records began" and added: "We are pretty sure that climate change due to human activity is here and it's accelerating."

This announcement followed research published in 1998, when scientists at the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia declared that the 1990s had been hotter than any other period for 1,000 years.

Such claims have now been sharply contradicted by the most comprehensive study yet of global temperature over the past 1,000 years. A review of more than 240 scientific studies has shown that today's temperatures are neither the warmest over the past millennium, nor are they producing the most extreme weather - in stark contrast to the claims of the environmentalists.

The review, carried out by a team from Harvard University, examined the findings of studies of so-called "temperature proxies" such as tree rings, ice cores and historical accounts which allow scientists to estimate temperatures prevailing at sites around the world.

The findings prove that the world experienced a Medieval Warm Period between the ninth and 14th centuries with global temperatures significantly higher even than today.

They also confirm claims that a Little Ice Age set in around 1300, during which the world cooled dramatically. Since 1900, the world has begun to warm up again - but has still to reach the balmy temperatures of the Middle Ages.

...

Dr Philip Stott, the professor emeritus of bio-geography at the University of London, told The Telegraph: "What has been forgotten in all the discussion about global warming is a proper sense of history."

According to Prof Stott, the evidence also undermines doom-laden predictions about the effect of higher global temperatures. "During the Medieval Warm Period, the world was warmer even than today, and history shows that it was a wonderful period of plenty for everyone."

In contrast, said Prof Stott, severe famines and economic collapse followed the onset of the Little Ice Age around 1300. He said: "When the temperature started to drop, harvests failed and England's vine industry died. It makes one wonder why there is so much fear of warmth."


It looks to me like Dr Stott has it exactly correct.

A graphic that refute such claims.
Image
Notice that the temperatures today are higher that the medieval warm period and that it rise really fast. Also the famines of 14th century is from overpopulation, which take it's origin from the prosperity the centuries before, which itself take it's origin from technological and agricultural progress.



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16 Nov 2013, 8:13 am

The "Hockey Stick" is a scandal. The residual data from the midieval warming periods was weighted downward to make the current warming treat look bigger by comparison.

The facts were clear. During the middle ages, lovely grapes grew in England. After the "little ice age" when the Thames froze over and Hans Brinker iced skated in Dutch canals the world was a nasty colder place and a lot of people froze to death in the winter. Crops failed in the summer and there were nasty famines in Europe.

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16 Nov 2013, 11:01 am

Please have a look at this:

http://www.skepticalscience.com/broken-hockey-stick.htm


The "Hockey Stick" is busted.

However, I still think it is a good idea to move away from burning hydrocarbons.

Why? Because burning hydrocarbons puts us in the thrall of nations who are hostile to the U.S.

We should pave North America west to east and north to south with breeder and thorium reactors to produce an abundance of electrical power. Once we have that we get the over hyped "hydrogen" economy for free (we can get free hydrogen by electrolysis of water). Once we are on a hydrogen burning regime we can use our own petroleum deposits to make the plastics and other chemical products we need. At which point we can tell the Sheiks of Araby to go f*ck their camels. We can ignore the middle east and let the parties in that section of the world kill each other off.

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16 Nov 2013, 12:48 pm

Tree ring analysis is not a reliable method to support the global warming alarmism

http://www.climatedata.info/Proxy/Proxy ... ction.html
"The fact that from the middle of the 20th century tree ring growth was less than might have been expected from the temperature record, as seen in the records for the US but general in the Northern Hemisphere, brings into question the reliability of tree rings as a proxy for temperature. If they do not accurately represent late 20th century temperatures how can we be sure they accurately represent temperatures in earlier times for which we have no instrumental corroboration? Whilst this phenomenon is well known among tree ring experts and has been described in the scientific literature, the fact that the discrepancy between narrower tree rings and higher temperatures has not always been made clear has led to lively debate."



ruveyn
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16 Nov 2013, 1:12 pm

mikassyna wrote:
Tree ring analysis is not a reliable method to support the global warming alarmism

http://www.climatedata.info/Proxy/Proxy ... ction.html
"The fact that from the middle of the 20th century tree ring growth was less than might have been expected from the temperature record, as seen in the records for the US but general in the Northern Hemisphere, brings into question the reliability of tree rings as a proxy for temperature. If they do not accurately represent late 20th century temperatures how can we be sure they accurately represent temperatures in earlier times for which we have no instrumental corroboration? Whilst this phenomenon is well known among tree ring experts and has been described in the scientific literature, the fact that the discrepancy between narrower tree rings and higher temperatures has not always been made clear has led to lively debate."


Since we have little reliable information on temperatures prior to 150 years ago we have to use surrogate data such as tree rings and air samples taken from ice cores. It is not perfect data but short of building a time machine it is the best we can do. Your caution about such data is well put. We have to see what it tells us but it is no comparison to data which we can collect here and now with our best instruments.

So that leaves the question of weighting the surrogate data and therein lies the problem. The climate alarmists will weight the data one way and the climate non-alarmists will weight it another way which leads us to the bottom line: There is no climate science as such, there are only climate models.

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16 Nov 2013, 1:13 pm

ruveyn wrote:
Please have a look at this:
http://www.skepticalscience.com/broken-hockey-stick.htm
The "Hockey Stick" is busted.

mikassyna wrote:
Tree ring analysis is not a reliable method to support the global warming alarmism.

The Hockey Stick is *not* busted, and it is *not* solely based on the analysis of tree rings... From the very same link that ruveyn posted: :roll:

skepticalscience wrote:
Since the hockey stick paper in 1998, there have been a number of proxy studies analysing a variety of different sources including corals, stalagmites, tree rings, boreholes and ice cores. They all confirm the original hockey stick conclusion: the 20th century is the warmest in the last 1000 years and that warming was most dramatic after 1920.

My annoyed emphasis added.

The original Hockey Stick study from 1999 demonstrated that the second half of the 20th century had the highest temperature in the last millenium despite a cooling trend due to the Milankovitch cycles.

Now look at the most recent study on the subject, published in Science in 2013:
http://shpud.com/Science-2013-Marcott-1198-201.pdf (page 5/1201)

"Our results indicate that global mean temperature for the decade 2000–2009 (34) has not yet exceeded the warmest temperatures of the early Holocene (5000 to 10,000 yr B.P.). These temperatures are, however, warmer than 82% of the Holocene distribution as represented by the Standard 5×5 stack, or 72% after making plausible corrections for inherent smoothing of the high frequencies in the stack (6) (Fig. 3). In contrast, the decadal mean global temperature of the early 20th century (1900–1909) was cooler than >95% of the Holocene distribution under both the Standard 5×5 and high-frequency corrected scenarios. Global temperature, therefore, has risen from near the coldest to the warmest levels of the Holocene within the past century, reversing the long-term cooling trend that began ~5000 yr B.P."

My emphasis added.

In other words, we - with the latest data on the Hockey Stick (based on *multiple* sources) - have to go back at least five millenia to see a higher temperature than we are currently experiencing.



mikassyna
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16 Nov 2013, 1:26 pm

GGPViper wrote:
In other words, we - with the latest data on the Hockey Stick (based on *multiple* sources) - have to go back at least five millenia to see a higher temperature than we are currently experiencing.


Again, I don't see a problem with this. To me it equates to a fraction of a slight fever in the course of a human being's lifetime, and that's probably being generous, given the time span of the planet as a whole which would comparably be much longer (5000 year span in over 5 billion years is barely a hiccup, with a hypothetical 5 more billion years to go). One cannot determine human beings as a source of the anomaly without understanding what caused the even higher temperatures in the much more distant past. Since we don't have that information, it is all speculation at best.