I think people who have difficulties with math have problems working within formal, largely axiomatic guidelines to reach a logical conclusion. Memory is also important. Getting around these, or any other kinds of cognitive barriers, just takes practice, repetition, and/or trying to think of a given problem in multiple different ways.
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"As buds give rise by growth to fresh buds...so by generation I believe it has been with the great Tree of Life, which fills with its dead and broken branches the crust of the earth, and covers the surface with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications." - Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species