It seems as though you're looking for examples of synthetic a priori propositions. I personally don't know of any that aren't directly related to math, but this might be related to the facts that (a) I've spent a lot more time and effort studying math than philosophy, and (b) I confess that I never really "got" Kant.
Nevertheless it seems that Euclid's Fifth Postulate would be such an example:
Quote:
If a line segment intersects two straight lines forming two interior angles on the same side that sum to less than two right angles, then the two lines, if extended indefinitely, meet on that side on which the angles sum to less than two right angles.
Personally I would dismiss anyone claiming definitive knowledge of a finite set of such propositions as a charlatan.
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From start to finish I've made you feel this
Uncomfort in turn with the world you've learned
To love through this hate to live with its weight
A burden discerned in the blood you taste