androbot2084 wrote:
former slaves needed 40 acres and a mule to start their own business.
Too bad it never became official U.S. policy at the Federal level.
"40 Acres & a Mule" refers to the short-lived policy (~7 months), during the last stages of the American Civil War during 1865, of providing arable land to black former slaves who had become free as a result of the advance of the Union armies into the territory previously controlled by the Confederacy, particularly after Major General William Tecumseh Sherman's "March to the Sea."
General Sherman's Special Field Orders, No. 15, issued on January 16, 1865, provided for the land, while some of its beneficiaries also received mules from the Army, for use in plowing.
After the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, his successor,
Andrew Johnson, revoked Sherman's Orders as one of the first acts of Reconstruction. President Andrew Johnson ordered all land under federal control to be returned to its previous owners in the summer of 1865. The Freedmen's Bureau, created to aid millions of former slaves in the postwar era, had to inform the freedmen and women that they could either sign labor contracts with planters or be evicted from the land they had occupied. Those who refused or resisted were eventually forced out by army troops. Because of this, the phrase "40 acres and a mule" has come to represent the failure of Reconstruction policies in restoring to African Americans the fruits of their labor.
A president can legally over-ride and negate any order given by a general under his command. Thus, the concept of "Reparations" is officially dead.