To the comment lamenting the vilification of "merit based" considerations, there is a good reason for this.
Advantage snowballs to those who receive the benefits of generational abundance. Those born into generational disadvantage do not receive these benefits, which are genetic in addition to being socioeconomic. A lot of these advantages have to do with impulse control, emotional regulation in general, and long term resource management skills. It's not just "race" where one sees these distinctions.
Therefore, a "merit" based admission process will by definition benefit the most advantaged historical groups. Someone who comes from an environment lacking significant stress, with quality education, from a mother with good prenatal care, with good health access themselves, and from a culture/ethos of effective resource management will outcompete (probably according to statistical analysis) someone who does not. Considering that groups tend to organize themselves into communities of individuals like themselves, this has a large implication on society at large in terms of creating pockets of generational failure and success.
It's easy to call foul when examining a single instance of a more accomplished Caucasian being turned down in favor of a less advantaged ethnic minority, but it's less easy to tolerate the perpetuation of demographic disadvantage.
From a cynical perspective, an "affirmative action" societal model makes sense in terms of equalizing advantage. It simply won't do to have vast swaths of the population breeding individuals who are statistically likely to be poor, ignorant, and incapable of operating intelligently in the political arena for their own interests. This creates conflict in society as groups diverge from their sense of shared interests and motivations.
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We seldom realize, for example, that our most private thoughts and emotions are not actually our own. For we think in terms of languages and images which we did not invent, but which were given to us by our society - Alan Watts