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The_Walrus
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03 Jun 2019, 4:39 pm

Fnord wrote:
The_Walrus wrote:
... The question of whether affirmative action works doesn't hinge upon the mechanism ... only upon the results.
Ah, pragmatism ... where the end justifies the means.

The end result was that my son was bumped from a private school (under Affirmative Action) and had to earn his degrees from a state-funded school. I don't know if the person who took his place was non-white, disabled or a woman, but the simple fact that he was bumped for being a white, able-bodied man means that the system is prejudiced against white, able-bodied men. Had he been admitted under a merit-based system, he would now have a more prestigious degree, and a better-paying job.

Who knows if the person who bumped him even graduated?

That does take my remarks rather out of context! I'm not making a claim about the entire morality of Affirmative Action, only the section of the morality related to effectiveness.

I do feel obliged to note that your account 1) contains several unfounded assumptions (for example, that your son would be earning more if he had been admitted to this university), 2) is anecdotal, and so has no guarantee of being representative, and 3) is personal to you, and so is likely to contain a degree of bias.

Do universities really say "we'd like to take you but we've decided not to due to AA"?



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03 Jun 2019, 9:00 pm

The_Walrus wrote:
Antrax wrote:
The_Walrus wrote:
I used to agree pretty wholeheartedly with this, although with slightly different reasoning - I don't think the stigma is remotely significant (certainly compared to the negative stigma that black people have to put up with anyway) but it could be argued that coming top in your class at a less-prestigious college is better for your prospects than scraping through an Ivy League school.


Anecdotal evidence, but in my experience as a student at two of the more prestigious institutions in this country is that the stigma to minorities in those schools is in large part due to affirmative action. There is a real resentment (particularly by asian-american students that feel they get screwed over by all of the above policies) towards minority students for "not having to work as hard." Maybe this attitude is not as widespread and say at a state college in the south the stigma is more based on general resentment than specifically towards affirmative action.

As for the actual mismatch theory I'd have to look at it more closely. My point is not whether it is real or not, but whether it creates a perception that is real. That is if people believe minority students are inferior because of affirmative action whether that is the case or not.

Is it not significantly more important whether it is actually real or not? The question of whether affirmative action works doesn't hinge upon the mechanism (whether it's an inevitable consequence of boosting people above their past performance or whether it prompts an unjustified discriminatory backlash), only upon the results.


Yes, I think it is important to figure out whether it is in fact real or not. I'm stating I do not have the requisite knowledge to comment on whether or not the research supports it (although intuitively it makes sense to me).

What I'm also stating that anecdotally at one of the top schools in the U.S. that I attended for 4 years there was both a perception that underrepresented minority students were inferior and a resentment towards affirmative action-esque policies. I have to think that when these people go out into companies and become co-workers and managers that carrying that attitude will be detrimental to any minority individuals who seek a job from them. Also with subjective grading it may be a bit of a self-fulfilling prophecy in that if the professor believes minority students inferior they may receive lesser grades due to unconscious bias.

One interesting thing about the affirmative action bans in places like California is that the Universities have instead tried to boost minority content by "race-neutral" policies, that is using factors that correlate with race such as whether someone is a first generation student without explicitly using race. In terms of mismatch, this may actually be worse for said students, as it is (at least in my opinion) not a person's race that holds them back in academic achievement but factors like education level of their parents. In terms of social mobility it may be exactly what people have in mind.


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04 Jun 2019, 12:49 am

Antrax wrote:
Pepe wrote:
Other cultures may emphasise other attributes:
It's like a role-playing game where you add points to a character's attributes, except in this case it is cultural.
E.G.:
If you want a sorcerer/sorceress, give them higher intellectual points.
Want a paladin? Add more personality points, etc.


Point of order: sorcerers in D&D also use charisma (personality) as main casting stat just like paladins. Wizards invest in intelligence.


I haven't played D&D.
The RPGs I have played follow the system what I have described. :wink:

Antrax wrote:
Ok back on topic.

I think cultural influences are too short lived to make any impact on the biological evolution of a country. Sure if one culture reveres brainy engineers and another reveres brawny athletes over a few tens of thousands of years that might make a difference, but no culture is that long lived.


African marathon runners seem to have done extremely well on the sports scene.
Could it be that running away from an attacking lion had a high priority in their culture? <joke>
Whatever the reason, their dominance in certain sports is note-worthy.

The Ashkenazi Jews are known for their intellectual acuity.
Might the cultural emphasis on commerce, requiring greater education, have something to do with their greater perceived collective IQ?

Antrax wrote:
Cultural influences can greatly influence environmental factors that contribute to traits like IQ. Like for example there is research that says if you grow up in a low-stress environment that your IQ will be higher than if you had grown up in a high-stress environment.


The brutal reality is that no matter the environmental conditions, the factor of natural selection takes place.



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04 Jun 2019, 2:16 am

Pepe wrote:
African marathon runners seem to have done extremely well on the sports scene.
Could it be that running away from an attacking lion had a high priority in their culture? <joke>
Whatever the reason, their dominance in certain sports is note-worthy.


It's actually been posted numerous times on WP that African migrants in the US are actually among the more intelligent than white Americans
https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018 ... tinations/

The race based stereotyping that blacks are only good at sport is utter crap...they are also smarter than us....



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04 Jun 2019, 3:16 am

Natural selection is very slow in humans. With some 15 years to reach sexual maturity and about 10 children at max to produce, we just can't explore much of the genetic possibilities.
Cultural adaptations are much faster - this is how humans thrive in so many different environments.

cyberdad wrote:
It's actually been posted numerous times on WP that African migrants in the US are actually among the more intelligent than white Americans
https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018 ... tinations/

I would be very interested in IQ of immigrants form the old world in general vs local population.
My hypothesis is, large share of these immigrants come either to study or to work in highly specialized jobs like engeneering or academia.
That likely produces huge selection bias.

Nothing against students, engeneers or academicians from Africa, as the countries in sub-Saharan Africa stabilize politically, their societes become as capable as any other societes in the world.


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04 Jun 2019, 4:51 am

magz wrote:
Natural selection is very slow in humans. With some 15 years to reach sexual maturity and about 10 children at max to produce, we just can't explore much of the genetic possibilities.
Cultural adaptations are much faster - this is how humans thrive in so many different environments.

cyberdad wrote:
It's actually been posted numerous times on WP that African migrants in the US are actually among the more intelligent than white Americans
https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018 ... tinations/

I would be very interested in IQ of immigrants form the old world in general vs local population.
My hypothesis is, large share of these immigrants come either to study or to work in highly specialized jobs like engeneering or academia.
That likely produces huge selection bias.

Nothing against students, engeneers or academicians from Africa, as the countries in sub-Saharan Africa stabilize politically, their societes become as capable as any other societes in the world.

I get your point....and yes there is some selection bias (I think this applies to East Indians where the IQ in India is 81 but Indians in the US have the most number of postgraduate degree holders and highest income of any group)

In any case racists who claim Africans are incapable of being successful are deliberately ignore the facts
https://www.ozy.com/fast-forward/the-mo ... -you/86885



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04 Jun 2019, 8:38 am

magz wrote:
I would be very interested in IQ of immigrants form the old world in general vs local population.
My hypothesis is, large share of these immigrants come either to study or to work in highly specialized jobs like engeneering or academia.
That likely produces huge selection bias.

Nothing against students, engeneers or academicians from Africa, as the countries in sub-Saharan Africa stabilize politically, their societes become as capable as any other societes in the world.


This:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3347764/

Immigrants from the former soviet union are almost twice as likely as white americans to have earned a college degree, and with respect to the former soviet union I do not believe it is because their populations are twice as intelligent.


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04 Jun 2019, 11:18 am

It should be noted that many Africans who came to the US to study were probably:

1. At or near the top of their class in primary school;

therefore,

2. Deemed worthy enough to pursue secondary education by their families (who paid exorbitant school fees); or were granted scholarships;

and,

3. Were at or near the top of their class in secondary school.



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04 Jun 2019, 12:37 pm

kraftiekortie wrote:
It should be noted that many Africans who came to the US to study were probably:

1. At or near the top of their class in primary school;

therefore,

2. Deemed worthy enough to pursue secondary education by their families (who paid exorbitant school fees); or were granted scholarships;

and,

3. Were at or near the top of their class in secondary school.

That's exactly the selection bias I have in mind.


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04 Jun 2019, 1:04 pm

It should also be remembered that "intelligence" and "potential" should be assessed within many modalities.

Just because someone does well on an IQ test---doesn't mean they do well in "common sense." Or in something which requires mechanical aptitude.

You might have a bunch of people scoring, say, 110 on average on an IQ test; and a bunch of people, say, scoring 90.

Now....put all these people in the throes of a natural disaster. Who would come to the fore? Yes, very possibly, the person who might not have "book learning" in a scholarly sense---but who could put electricity and plumbing back into your house for you. Perhaps the person with the 90 IQ---race and ethnicity are irrelevant here.



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04 Jun 2019, 2:03 pm

kraftiekortie wrote:
It should also be remembered that "intelligence" and "potential" should be assessed within many modalities.

Just because someone does well on an IQ test---doesn't mean they do well in "common sense." Or in something which requires mechanical aptitude.

You might have a bunch of people scoring, say, 110 on average on an IQ test; and a bunch of people, say, scoring 90.

Now....put all these people in the throes of a natural disaster. Who would come to the fore? Yes, very possibly, the person who might not have "book learning" in a scholarly sense---but who could put electricity and plumbing back into your house for you. Perhaps the person with the 90 IQ---race and ethnicity are irrelevant here.


Another one is that intelligence does not guarantee correctness. Einstein was famously very intelligent and one of the greatest particle physicists of his time yet did not believe in quantum mechanics. 90 years later and overwhelmingly the scientific evidence sides with the "lesser minds" that disagreed with him.

I mention this because too often I see some people adopting the Idiocracy view of "Smart people will fix our problems because they're smart."


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04 Jun 2019, 10:33 pm

cyberdad wrote:

The race based stereotyping that blacks are only good at sport is utter crap...they are also smarter than us....


This is an aside since I made no claim that Blacks are only good at sports.
You may or may not be jumping to conclusions here.
They are, however, known for sporting prowess in some area, supporting the evolutionary principle.

Laurence Krauss made an enlightened comment about why we humans find it an impossibility to fully comprehensively...err... comprehend quantum mechanics.
He pointed out that in the evolutionary development of humanity is had no survival value whilst the cognitive realisation that one should avoid falling off a precipice or avoid trying to run through boulders had a much greater urgency in the development of humankind.

Quote:
It’s no surprise that understanding highly abstract mathematics can be challenging, says theoretical physicist Lawrence Krauss. The organ of your body that does the understanding — the brain — is like the organ that does the waste processing — the kidney. Both are products of millions of years of evolution, and neither will change overnight. The type of thinking that helped us survive on the African savannas doesn’t help us grasp quantum mechanics. We should expect to not understand everything about the universe, and to keep asking questions… https://bigthink.com/videos/lawrence-kr ... sp-reality


When you say "us", you mean the Korean immigrants, the Chinese immigrants, the Mexican immigrants, the Vietnamese immigrants, the Porto Rican immigrants, the German immigrants, the English immigrants, the Irish immigrants?

In a multi-cultural setting, cultural influences would be mitigated in terms of evolutionary development, surely.

BTW, please keep virtue signalling to a minimum.
PC is a sure way to intimidate what people are prepared to explore.
It intimidates me but doesn't stop me. :mrgreen:

Also, be aware that when discussing sensitive subject matter, emotion inspired bias often becomes painfully obvious.

The question is:
Do we want to have a civil and rational investigative discussion (please, no debates for me), or do we want to fling inuendos haphazardly with the intention of scoring virtue signalling points?

May I suggest we make this discussion (no debating/devil's-advocacy please) an objective rational exercise using our neocortex?

If I read you wrong may I say: OOPsie. :mrgreen:
This is a sensitive area of discussion after all with attackers lurking in every crevis of the universe waiting to pounce, hence my defensiveness. 8O

<pomposity mode off> :mrgreen:



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04 Jun 2019, 10:56 pm

magz wrote:
Natural selection is very slow in humans. With some 15 years to reach sexual maturity and about 10 children at max to produce, we just can't explore much of the genetic possibilities.
Cultural adaptations are much faster - this is how humans thrive in so many different environments.


"Necessity is the mother of invention."

magz wrote:
cyberdad wrote:
It's actually been posted numerous times on WP that African migrants in the US are actually among the more intelligent than white Americans
https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2018 ... tinations/

I would be very interested in IQ of immigrants form the old world in general vs local population.
My hypothesis is, large share of these immigrants come either to study or to work in highly specialized jobs like engeneering or academia.
That likely produces huge selection bias.

Nothing against students, engeneers or academicians from Africa, as the countries in sub-Saharan Africa stabilize politically, their societes become as capable as any other societes in the world.


The following is a general comment:

Could I remind people about the importance of context?

As I mentioned in the above post, multi-culturalism, particularly these days, would influence the degree of...err...influence culture would have in the evolutionary process.
The context I am focussing on is the longevity of cultural isolation.

For example, the Aboriginal community here in Australia had 65 thousand years of cultural isolation.
And throughout history, there have been cultures in other parts of the world with long periods of cultural isolation also.

Let us not have a hybrid discussion using mixed contexts when replying to a post, please. 8)



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05 Jun 2019, 2:42 am

Pepe wrote:
Laurence Krauss made an enlightened comment about why we humans find it an impossibility to fully comprehensively...err... comprehend quantum mechanics.
He pointed out that in the evolutionary development of humanity is had no survival value whilst the cognitive realisation that one should avoid falling off a precipice or avoid trying to run through boulders had a much greater urgency in the development of humankind.


If you use Maslowe's hierarchy of needs humans need to sort out their basic needs first before they pursue higher studies into subjects like quantum physics. There was an interview with Afro-American Astrophysicist Neil De Grasse Tyson where he was in a dilemma in college whether to continue pursuing astronomy, not because it was hard but because he was worried what his family/friends would think of him. He disregarded the stigma from his own community and also had to face the hurdle of the glass ceiling for Afro-Americans wanting to break into astronomy which is almost entirely a white establishment.



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05 Jun 2019, 4:47 am

kraftiekortie wrote:
It should be noted that many Africans who came to the US to study were probably:

1. At or near the top of their class in primary school;

therefore,

2. Deemed worthy enough to pursue secondary education by their families (who paid exorbitant school fees); or were granted scholarships;

and,

3. Were at or near the top of their class in secondary school.
I don't' want to hurt your feelings, Kraftie, but I have to ask, whenever a group of blacks excel, do we need to find an explanation?


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05 Jun 2019, 4:54 am

cyberdad wrote:
Pepe wrote:
Laurence Krauss made an enlightened comment about why we humans find it an impossibility to fully comprehensively...err... comprehend quantum mechanics.
He pointed out that in the evolutionary development of humanity is had no survival value whilst the cognitive realisation that one should avoid falling off a precipice or avoid trying to run through boulders had a much greater urgency in the development of humankind.


If you use Maslowe's hierarchy of needs humans need to sort out their basic needs first before they pursue higher studies into subjects like quantum physics. There was an interview with Afro-American Astrophysicist Neil De Grasse Tyson where he was in a dilemma in college whether to continue pursuing astronomy, not because it was hard but because he was worried what his family/friends would think of him. He disregarded the stigma from his own community and also had to face the hurdle of the glass ceiling for Afro-Americans wanting to break into astronomy which is almost entirely a white establishment.


Once again you gravitate towards the (metaphorically speaking) societal/cultural African celestial body. :wink:

I'm not sure of the point you are trying to make but it looks to me like you are saying: Look, an Afro-American succeeded.
I still think you are misreading where I am coming from.

Perhaps this will get you off the scent: :mrgreen:

I spoke earlier about how culture can affect the development of the people embracing it.
Here is a rather disturbing example of how it can be detrimental.

Warning: The video is confronting.


https://youtu.be/hsrE-aNlSw0