Interesting to see a neuroscientific take on this old perpective. Take theory of mind in autism research. Most research endorse it yet the majority of people with Asperger's Syndrome pass theory of mind tests easily. Rather than abandon the theory, they sort of just ignore it.
However, the article was unfairly critical of philosophy of science. Duhem in the 1890s first saw that scientists ignored and filtered out data not fitting their theory, Quine the in 1950's mergered this with an account of how logic still functions, Kuhn and Feyerabend in the 1960's added sociological account, Lakatos in the 1970s merger Quine's observations about logic with Kuhn and Feyerabends sociological observations. Contrary to the article, even Popper tried to incorporate this into his theory although certainly failed. However, it was in the 1990's that Cartwright really developed these notions by linking them to models and idealisations.
Sorry for name dropping but this is my field. In many regards, this is precisely what interests me, how science can provide truths from false assumptions.
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'An ideal of total self-sufficiency. That secret smile may be the Buddha's but it is monstrous seen on a baby's face. To conquer craving is indeed to conquer pain, but humanity goes with it. That my autistic daughter wanted nothing was worst of all.' Park