A modern-day progressive in the United States is someone who supports substantial reform to ensure equal opportunity by race, gender, age, religious belief, socio-economic class, sexual orientation, etc. Generally, they'd emphasize humanistic (and animal/environmental) issues and quality-of-life issues over issues of merely maximizing economic productivity, so they'll tend to see a role for social welfare and regulation of business. They would usually oppose war. From government, they want openness, democratic responsiveness, and a lack of corruption. Lastly, they are liberal on social issues (sex, religious belief, lifestyle, gender roles, etc.). Their outlook tends to be mostly compatible with those of liberals, social democrats, humanists, civil-rights activists, feminists, environmentalists, animal-rights activists, charitable groups, the New Left, secularists, and some religious groups like Unitarian-Universalists.
Most conservative movements and groups are organized around opposition to some of these attitudes and principles. The Tea Party in particular despises many of the things progressives stand for.
So in office, has Obama shown himself to be willing to promote progressive ideals?