Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Autism Link
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ASPartOfMe
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Location: Long Island, New York
Quote:
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are more likely than other women to have an autistic child, according to an analysis of NHS data carried out by a team at Cambridge University's Autism Research Centre. The research is published today in the journal Translational Psychiatry.
PCOS affects about one in ten women and is caused by elevated levels of the hormone testosterone. It is associated with fluid-filled sacs (called follicles) in the ovaries, and with symptoms such as delayed onset of puberty, irregular menstrual cycles, and excess bodily hair.
The research team previously published work in 2015 which showed that before they are born, autistic children have elevated levels of 'sex steroid' hormones (including testosterone) which 'masculinise' the baby's body and brain. The discovery that prenatal sex steroid hormones are involved in the development of autism is one possible explanation for why autism is diagnosed more often in boys.
The scientists wondered where these elevated sex steroid hormones were coming from, one possible source being the mother. If she had higher levels of testosterone than usual, as is the case in women with PCOS, then some of the hormone might cross the placenta during pregnancy, exposing her unborn baby to more of this hormone, and changing the baby's brain development.
Using anonymous data from a large database of GP health records, the study looked at 8,588 women with PCOS and their first-born children, compared to a group of 41,127 women without PCOS. The team found that, even after taking into account other factors (like maternal mental health problems or complications during pregnancy), women with PCOS had a 2.3% chance of having an autistic child, compared with the 1.7% chance for mothers without PCOS.
The team stressed that the likelihood of having an autistic child is still very low, even among women with PCOS -- but finding this link provides an important clue in understanding one of the multiple causal factors in autism.
The team presented their findings at the International Meeting for Autism Research in 2016, and their findings were replicated in a Swedish study in the same year, adding to the reliability of the result.
The team also conducted two other studies using the same data and found that autistic women were more likely to have PCOS, and women with PCOS were more likely to have autism themselves. This strongly suggests that these two conditions are linked, probably because they both share elevated sex steroid hormone levels.
Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, Director of the Autism Research Centre, who supervised the research, said: "This new research is helping us understand the effects of testosterone on the developing fetal brain, and on the child's later behaviour and mind. These hormonal effects are not necessarily independent of genetic factors, as a mother or her baby may have higher levels of the hormone for genetic reasons, and testosterone can affect how genes function."
PCOS affects about one in ten women and is caused by elevated levels of the hormone testosterone. It is associated with fluid-filled sacs (called follicles) in the ovaries, and with symptoms such as delayed onset of puberty, irregular menstrual cycles, and excess bodily hair.
The research team previously published work in 2015 which showed that before they are born, autistic children have elevated levels of 'sex steroid' hormones (including testosterone) which 'masculinise' the baby's body and brain. The discovery that prenatal sex steroid hormones are involved in the development of autism is one possible explanation for why autism is diagnosed more often in boys.
The scientists wondered where these elevated sex steroid hormones were coming from, one possible source being the mother. If she had higher levels of testosterone than usual, as is the case in women with PCOS, then some of the hormone might cross the placenta during pregnancy, exposing her unborn baby to more of this hormone, and changing the baby's brain development.
Using anonymous data from a large database of GP health records, the study looked at 8,588 women with PCOS and their first-born children, compared to a group of 41,127 women without PCOS. The team found that, even after taking into account other factors (like maternal mental health problems or complications during pregnancy), women with PCOS had a 2.3% chance of having an autistic child, compared with the 1.7% chance for mothers without PCOS.
The team stressed that the likelihood of having an autistic child is still very low, even among women with PCOS -- but finding this link provides an important clue in understanding one of the multiple causal factors in autism.
The team presented their findings at the International Meeting for Autism Research in 2016, and their findings were replicated in a Swedish study in the same year, adding to the reliability of the result.
The team also conducted two other studies using the same data and found that autistic women were more likely to have PCOS, and women with PCOS were more likely to have autism themselves. This strongly suggests that these two conditions are linked, probably because they both share elevated sex steroid hormone levels.
Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, Director of the Autism Research Centre, who supervised the research, said: "This new research is helping us understand the effects of testosterone on the developing fetal brain, and on the child's later behaviour and mind. These hormonal effects are not necessarily independent of genetic factors, as a mother or her baby may have higher levels of the hormone for genetic reasons, and testosterone can affect how genes function."
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Is there anything that hasn't been linked to Autism through one study or another?
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StampySquiddyFan
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Interesting study. My mom has PCOS. That doesn’t mean that is a causation, but if researchers found a link, I’ll believe it to be a correlation to an extent.
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Hi! I'm Stampy (not the actual YouTuber, just a fan!) and I have been diagnosed professionally with ASD and OCD and likely have TS. If you have any questions or just want to talk, please feel free to PM me!
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Fnord wrote:
Is there anything that hasn't been linked to Autism through one study or another?
I once tried to compile a list, then I gave up. Anywhere from mother obesity to air pollution. I just typed "autism smoking" now into Google and surely enough it says "Smoking during pregnancy may up autism risk in grandchildren...". Grandchildren!? OK, I typed now "autism eating meat", guess what? I found a paper with the title: "Autism prevalence and meat consumption -a hypothesis that needs to be tested." I typed in "autism prevalence sugar consumption" and found "SUGAR CAUSES AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS, Dr Michael Colgan 10 May 2015." OK, sugar... then why not salt? Sure, here is a study: "New insights into the mystery of autism: Could it be caused at birth by salt in the nerves?" I mean, virtually anything you can think of, people have linked them to autism.
What people haven't done is to explore the WHY of autism. I mean, the purpose of autism. See, color blindness is perfectly explained by its battlefield advantage of seeing through enemy camouflage. (That is why it is linked to male humans mostly.) It serves an evolutionary advantage. Study on remaining hunter-gatherer societies in the world that have never undergone agriculture (hence no bows and arrows or warfare) (e.g. in Africa, Americas, Australia) reveals that the prevalence rate of color blindness in these populations is either very low or exactly zero. I mean, those kinds of studies would make much more sense to me, than the gazillion of research studies linking autism to one thing or another. See, from the square root law and prevalence rates of color blindness, autism (in its BAP form) and bipolar disorder, there is strong suggestion that all three conditions happened around the same time in history, right after the invention of bows and arrows (and the subsequent emergence of agriculture to compensate for dwindling animal meat supply.)
Before jumping on all those medical/genomic research studies, people really ought to explore that autism, maybe, just maybe, is something intended by Mother Nature, and that has been with us ever since we started warfare (and thus "civilization". If you think about it, civilization is all about warfare, resources, taxes.) To me, it is very clear that color blindness, autism, and bipolar disorder, all entered human race at the same time and serve the same purpose: to increase the survival probability of human clans, in wars.
Research in this direction actually can reveal supporting evidences. Like the case of color blindness and how researchers found hunter-gatherer clans just don't have many color blind people. Similarly, in autism, we know Hispanics have lower prevalence rate of autism. We also know that autism rate is higher in certain immigrant mother groups. Things like that. Those are all clues that can help us validate/pinpoint the precise purpose of autism in human history. All, without the need of studying genomics. Sure, genomics will eventually be useful: to validate what we have already found through other means.
The thing is, humans think they are smarter than Mother Nature. They don't learn. Nazi Germany killed or sterilized virtually all schizophrenic people that they could find. One generation later, the schizophrenia incidence rate in Germany was actually... HIGHER than neighboring countries. Nahh... Mother Nature is not dumb: she's had 4 billion years to do evolution. Genomic studies in humans barely has had a history of 15 years. I think our genomics researchers are pretty dumb, in comparison.
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