The Western style police force does not compute in most of the non-Western world. There, cops exist to harass political opponents and protect mid-level organized crime bosses. This inevitably leads to vigilance committees forming, and inevitably the vigilantes are uneducated and in many cases just street thugs and neighborhood strongmen. Wherever the rule of law is weak, vigilantes spring up.
Even America has a long history of vigilantism, since when new areas were settled, the discovery of gold or silver would often lead to a place going from a clearing in a forest or a level patch of desert to a tent camp of 10,000 people in a couple months. There was no time to organize any formal system of government or law.
Sometimes there would be a sheriff, but the lawman would often be a criminal from Back East. Therefore, they had vigilantes. If the accused was white, usually there would be a show trial. Chinese were just hanged. Blacks were either hanged or tried and then hanged, depending on whether the mob was Union or Confederate.
America also had vigilantes during the Depression, although much of that history has been erased. Those vigilantes actually inspired the first superhero tales, since urban crime inevitably led to those who would have lived if..., leading to the concept of a superman who would always be ready to mete out justice. The first superhero creators had a difficult time selling the concept, since publishers didn't want to encourage real-life vigilantism.
Today, many third world cops lock up anybody brought to them by the vigilantes, with no rhyme or reason. So a goat gets locked up, because a neighborhood strongman said that it was a car thief in disguise. When the BBC starts poking around, the cops start contradicting each other. Eventually the goat will be released, or they'll find some farmer and say he's the owner and wash their hands of it.