mechanicalgirl39 wrote:
Exactly. I wish critical thinking were taught in schools everywhere. People would be much less inclined to take in faulty ideas and agree with them without any analysis.
Marilyn vos Savant, who has the highest measured IQ in the world, seems to agree.
"First, we should study mathematics throughout our early years, including elementary and high school ... Second, in high school and college, we should study logical processes with particular attention to the fallacies, which could use great expansion. Strong powers of logic help us achieve our goals in life, and in our increasingly complex society, opportunities for success expand enormously for those with the ability to reason well." (
The Power of Logical Thinking, p. 94)
"Which could use great expansion": this might mean that there are fallacies that haven't yet been named.
Some of these fallacies might even depend on the misapplication of the concepts of 'desire' and 'enjoyment.' If so, then the following might be considered new fallacies:
Fallacy of Attributing Enjoyment -- Consists in stating that because someone acts a certain way or has a certain personality trait, he or she 'enjoys' acting that way or having that trait. This may, perhaps, have occured in Nietzsche's writings: "[Schopenhauer's] anger was his balm, his refreshment, his reward." And later, "The sick are one and all dreadfully eager and inventive in discovering occasions for painful affects; they enjoy being mistrustful and dwelling on nasty deeds..." (On the Genealogy of Morals)
Fallacy of the Unconditional Motive -- Consists in identifying a motive that is merely conditional on someone's circumstances with that person's grand, overall intentions and stating that he or she had that motive (and possibly wanted those circumstances) all along. In saying, "I want," the lower-order 'want' may only occur in a higher-order circumstance that itself is unwanted. The fallacy is commited when 'wantedness' is expanded to the entire scenario. For example, when kidnapped, I may want to scream or punish the kidnapper, but that doesn't mean I wanted to do either of those things before being kidnapped, or that I wanted or planned to be kidnapped in the first place.
Fallacy of Freedom from Behavioral Reinforcement -- Consists in the assumption that someone can perform any action 'just as easily' as any other, as if he or she had perfect psychological freedom in space with his or her actions. This fallacy is in danger of being used by people who want to 'frame' others and make them appear guilty or deserving of suffering through tactical manipulation.
(The above is an excerpt from a comment I made on
Wikipedia.)
Another new fallacy could be called the
Fallacy of Perfect Freedom, which states that we have the ability to do just about anything. Our responsibilities could be made dependent on hard-to-accomplish (if not outright impossible) feats of human physicality that could leave one wondering how it is that one is supposed to do such things.
_________________
Sixteen
essays so far.
Like a drop of blood in a tank of flesh-eating piranhas, a new idea never fails to arouse the wrath of herd prejudice.