Autism and IQ and memory

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15 Oct 2011, 3:52 pm

http://www.du.edu/psychology/dnrl/Intac ... memory.pdf

Quote:

Several independent studies have found evidence of poor performance on measures of executive function in autistic individuals. The tasks used included standard clinical tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Tower of Hanoi, Trail Making Test, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure and Milner Maze as well as more experimentally based tasks such as Hughes and Russell's object retrieval task.

Now, I guess I need to find the WMS/WAIS technical manual and look up the correlations with these tests. Did I copy those values down somewhere? Hmmmm.... I just need to find the book. I had to do an interlibrary loan last time, though, and that's going to take time... *sigh*

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15 Oct 2011, 3:57 pm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_and_working_memory

Quote:

Findings suggested a hindrance in temporal order, source, free recall and working memory. However, their participants did exhibit capable short and long term memory, cued recall and the capacity to learn new material.

Quote:

It is generally believed that people with autism tend to have some sort of spatial working memory deficit, and in fact some evidence has been found for spatial accuracy and incorrect-response suppression not only in autistic children, but also in their parents

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15 Oct 2011, 4:02 pm

Schizophrenia and memory:

http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/con ... 156/9/1358

Quote:

The findings revealed a significant and stable association between schizophrenia and memory impairment. The composite effect size for recall performance was large. Recognition showed less, but still significant, impairment.

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15 Oct 2011, 4:07 pm

Oh, interesting.

http://psychcentral.com/news/2008/03/12 ... /2030.html

Quote:

The researchers also found a fundamental difference in the way healthy people and schizophrenic patients made errors. When healthy people forgot, they had no confidence in their response for that trial and the brain areas that were recruited during correct memory trials remained inactive. A more complex picture emerged for schizophrenic patients.

“When healthy people are correct, there is an increased activation of the right frontal cortex. When they forget, there is no such increase. Their brain activation pattern is tightly coupled with their memory performance. Not so with schizophrenic patients,” Park said.

“Schizophrenic patients may encode and remember incorrect information. The brain activation pattern during such error trials indicate that indeed they were remembering something, albeit incorrect,” she continued. “Such coupling of storing incorrect information and feeling confident of one’s response may be one way to think about how delusions get initiated,” Park said.

I seem to often conflate specific pieces of information from memory, and I know it's not right, but yet I feel like I'm pretty close. This particular kind of memory recall (I.e., coupling incorrect information and having variable confidence about it's correctness as opposed to completely forgetting it.) seems to be more like schizophrenic recall.

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15 Oct 2011, 4:11 pm

http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/new/d ... sp?id=1601

Quote:

Theories about the neurobiology underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia lead to inaccurate predictions about working memory impairments in the disorder, says a study in the June Archives of General Psychiatry. James Gold of the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore and colleagues questioned whether, as some theories suggest, working memory would be unstable and imprecise in schizophrenia. Using novel methods that enabled them to tease apart different aspects of working memory, they found no evidence that people with schizophrenia have more fleeting or off-the-mark memories than healthy subjects. Rather, they are unable to simultaneously hold as many items at once in working memory. In light of these findings, Gold et al. recommend a trip back to the drawing board to revise current theories of the neurobiology of working memory deficits in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia-related cognitive deficits hamper patients’ lives (see Green, 1996), and a recent meta-analysis found consistent evidence of large working memory deficits in subjects with schizophrenia as compared to healthy subjects (Forbes et al., 2009). Working memory, the ability to briefly store and manipulate information, guides goal-directed behavior through other cognitive processes.

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15 Oct 2011, 4:13 pm

http://psychcentral.com/news/2009/03/25 ... /4943.html

Quote:

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show more variable or inconsistent responses during short-term memory tasks when compared with typically developing peers.

“We think poor working memory is a characteristic present in many children and adults with ADHD,” said Julie Schweitzer, an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Davis M.I.N.D. Institute.

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15 Oct 2011, 4:15 pm

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/143936.php

Quote:

Researchers in the US found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed more inconsistent reaction times when doing short term memory exercises compared to peers of the same age who did not have the disorder.

The study was the work of associate professor Dr Julie Schweitzer of the M.I.N.D. Institute & Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, and colleagues, and is published in the journal Child Neuropsychology .

Schweitzer told the press that:

"We think poor working memory is a characteristic present in many children and adults with ADHD."

She said the study helps to explain why "working memory may be fine at one moment and poor at another, just as one day a child with ADHD seems to be able to learn and focus in class and on another day seems distracted and not paying attention."

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15 Oct 2011, 4:26 pm

I went looking for evidence relating to an expressive language disorder as I speculate that's what I was receiving speech therapy treatment for when I was younger.

At http://rfeller.tripod.com/D15.html:

Quote:

Expressive language disorder: expressive language performance marked by poor vocabulary, poor verbal skills

They didn't exactly define "poor verbal skills" and I'm definitely not lacking in vocabulary.

Here they talk about Specific Language Impairment(SLI for short) at http://www.dldcn.org/vdL&H93.pdf:

Quote:

SLI children's immediate
memory, in comparison to children matched on chronological age,
has been found to be impaired for the storage and recall of word
strings

Quote:

Kirchner and
Klatzky's initial interpretation of the data suggested that SLI
children were less able to maintain and regenerate items in Short Term Memory.

From wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_l ... impairment:

Quote:

SLI is associated with a high rate of psychiatric disorder [24]. For instance, Conti-Ramsden and Botting (2004)[25] found that 64% of a sample of 11-year-olds with SLI scored above a clinical threshold on a questionnaire for psychiatric difficulties, and 36% were regularly bullied, compared with 12% of comparison children. In the longer-term, studies of adult outcomes of children with SLI find elevated rates of unemployment, social isolation and psychiatric disorder [26]. However, most studies focused on children with severe problems, where comprehension as well as expressive language was affected.

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16 Oct 2011, 6:39 pm

I did a comparison matrix between the different mental disorders. It appears that a low working memory is common to all the psychiatric disorders, besides the communication disorders (And, it appears that a low short term and/or long term verbal memory is associated with the communication disorders). I guess that may not be too surprising since a good working memory is often associated with well-being and how happy you generally are, according to some research.

[img][800:768]http://i97.photobucket.com/albums/l214/swbluto/memoryiqmatrix.jpg[/img]

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16 Oct 2011, 9:46 pm

I don't think there is really a way to measure people's intellectual capabilities accurately, as I believe both traditional IQ and performance IQ are flawed and only measure certain things.

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16 Oct 2011, 10:13 pm

Ganondox wrote:

I don't think there is really a way to measure people's intellectual capabilities accurately, as I believe both traditional IQ and performance IQ are flawed and only measure certain things.

Yep. Traditional IQ tests seem to primarily measure verbal and general knowledge, analytic capabilities and instantaneous recall. They don't really seem to measure other important cognitive features associated with "intellectual capabilities" like T.o.M, various parts of memory (Like, I'm pretty sure I have some sort of verbal memory deficits), creativity or "global thinking" (As opposed to narrow thinking that can easily get stuck in a rut.).

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