The concept of “reciprocal altruism”, as introduced by Trivers, suggests that altruism, defined as an act of helping someone else although incurring some cost for this act, could have evolved since it might be beneficial to incur this cost if there is a chance of being in a reverse situation where the person whom I helped before may perform an altruistic act towards me.
altruism, altruistic, mutualism
atuism, atuistic,
Autism, Autistic, Mutism
Someones subconcious was inserting words, me thinks
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Condition number six is required to avoid cooperation breakdown through backwards induction—a possibility suggested by game theoretical models.
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If chances of meeting another reciprocal altruist are high enough or the game is repeated for a long enough amount of time, this form of altruism can evolve within a population.
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1) the behaviour must reduce a donor's fitness relative to a selfish alternative;
2) the fitness of the recipient must be elevated relative to non-recipients;
3) the performance of the behaviour must not depend on the receipt of an immediate benefit;
4) conditions 1, 2, and 3 must apply to both individuals engaging in reciprocal helping.”
There are two additional conditions necessary “…for reciprocal altruism to evolve:
5) A mechanism for detecting 'cheaters' must exist.
6) A large (indefinite) number of opportunities to exchange aid must exist.”
Condition number five is required as otherwise non-altruists may always exploit altruistic
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The human altruistic system is a sensitive and unstable one. Therefore, the tendency to give, to cheat, and the response to other’s acts of giving and cheating must be regulated by a complex psychology in each individual. Individuals differ in the degree of these tendencies and responses. According to Trivers the following emotional dispositions and their evolution can be understood in terms of regulation of altruism.
Friendship and emotions of liking and disliking.
Moralistic aggression. A protection mechanism from cheaters acts to regulate the advantage of cheaters in selection against the altruists. The moralistic altruist may want to educate or even punish a cheater.
Gratitude and sympathy. A fine regulation of altruism can be associated with gratitude and sympathy in terms of cost/benefit and the level in which the beneficiary will reciprocate.
Guilt and repetitive altruism. Prevents the cheater from cheating again. The cheater shows his regret in order to save him from paying too dearly for his acts.
Subtle cheating. A stable evolutionary equilibrium could include a low percentage of mimics in controversial support of adaptive sociopathy.
Trust and suspicion. These are regulators for cheating and subtle cheating.
Partnerships. Altruism with the purpose of creating friendships.
However, it is to be noted that there is no concrete explanation on how individuals pick partners because of the scarcity of theoretical and experimental researches that assess the importance of choice; theoretically, models indicate that evolution of behaviors associated with altruism involving partner choices rarely occur due to variability of costs and benefits between multiple individuals. Therefore, it is believed that the time or frequency of reciprocal actions contribute more to an individual's choice of partner than the actual reciprocal act itself .
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Helping behavior is seen in humans at about two years old, when a toddler is capable of understanding subtle emotional cues.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_altruismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AltruismI am sorry about this part:-
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The argument that Nazi ideology was strongly influenced by social Darwinist ideas is often found in historical and social science literature.
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The real history of autism dates back only one hundred years to the time of the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler. In 1911 Bleuler was writing about a group of people then identified as having schizophrenia. In his writing he coined the term "autism" to describe their seeming near total absorption with themselves and distance from others.
http://ipetscaner.blogspot.co.uk/2012/0 ... utism.html( You know after reading this one, I think someone got a screw lose. )
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Repeat phrases they associate with something they want (e.g. "Do you want to play" instead of "I want to play").
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INTJ, Type5 Observer, Ecologists,
?When you make a mistake, don't look back at it long. Take the reason of the thing into your mind and then look forward. Mistakes are lessons of wisdom. The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power.?
Last edited by TechnoDog on 30 Apr 2012, 8:19 pm, edited 10 times in total.
30 Apr 2012, 11:38 am
I was outraged and told him I would not do such a thing, because she looks perfectly fine in it and that it is rude of him to interfere with what people are wearing. 
I got in A LOT of trouble because of that and my boss is telling everyone that I am an annoying b***h. I am still angry that he believed I would do it and I think he should be the one getting in trouble because of what he tried - not me. 
