I think you are right. with how cheap and easily available smartphones are, it would be perhaps a bit silly not to use one.
As for converting USB mic's to Mini Jack Mic's, not a great idea. I think it would be more trouble than its worth to be honest. especially if you were to see how cheap some of the mic's are that are compatible with smart phones.
To be honest, for the money involved. I think that we have perhaps given you the most cost effective solutions on the market. Also perhaps the most socially acceptable.
as although being able to save a few bucks making your own stuff to do the job may sound like a good idea,
the end result will unlikely be as good, and may cause you to bring attention to yourself in the kind of "tin foil hat , speaking to aliens telepathically" kind of way, which unless you are trying to get in with aliens to speak with them telepathically, isn't likely a good image enhancement and probably not what you are looking for in terms of solution (no offence, don't mean to be mean, my humour can be a bit of an acquired taste so to speak).
To be honest, a decent quality solution will cost you a few dollars. Sadly not everything can be synthesized on a star trek duplicator. well at least not yet. perhaps in a few years time... especially if i keep talking to the aliens with my tin foil hat on... 