Don't be hard on yourself. You do have a genuine, recognised disability that causes these problems. Frankly, if you do have trouble getting a job after university and need to live on disability payments for a while, that's OK. You'd rather do more than that, which is admirable. It'll be great if you succeed, but if you don't, be gentle with yourself. It happens to a lot of us, with less excuse than you have.
Executive dysfunction is something many autistic people have. (Not all, though, by a long way, and people seem to assume that anyone with Asperger's will be hyper-organised.) I have it moderately myself, and I'm still working out how to handle it. The author of this blog ( http://chaoticidealism.livejournal.com/ ) has severe executive dsyfunction.
What are Disability Services like in Polish universities? They may be able to give advice or practical help. You're certainly not stupid, but you'll need coaching on organisation and structure more than most students would. (Universities here in Britain are getting better at dealing with autism. Sadly, this was not soon enough to save my PhD.)
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You're so vain
I bet you think this sig is about you