Mechanism for speech delay in ASD
My daughter is fairly typical of many ASD diagnosed children in having a speech delay. Through observation it was clear that in the period of her life she was not displaying expressive speech her threshold for external noise was very poor (i.e. Drills, lawnmowers, vacuum cleaners) and she was easily distracted by ambient sounds such as cars in the distance and even bird noises.
By the age of 5 she started regularly using expressive language and coincidentally her threshold for loud noise was much higher. She was nowhere near as distracted by outside sounds, her focus in learning language, words and sentences was dramatically improved.
I was curious as to the neurological basis for this developmental change and came across a principle in cognitive neurobiology called concurrent articulation. According to this principle children have a working memory system (as do adults) where the central executive of the brain shifts short-term storage of numbers and words in sequence using an articulatory rehearsal loop to the inner ear where the phonological buffer allows temporary storage of this data till it is either used by the central executive or moved to longer term storage.
This short term storage can be disrupted by the introduction of external sounds that diverts or distracts the central executive of the brain thus disrupting the articulatory rehearsal loop and preventing short term storage of the data the brain was supposed to be focussing on because it was absorbed on the concurrent articulation of the alternative sound.
I was wondering if ASD children have a problem filtering out extraneous noise and thus this disrupts their working memory from taking up relevant data by being diverted by concurrent noises thus resulting (via some complex mechanism) in a inability to use speech as the inner ear did not have the chance to absorb the subvocal speech the child was listening to?
So, you think the child doesn't learn speech due to tuning it out and focusing on random noises in the environment, like, birds chirping, cars honking, people roller skating, and other ambient noises, or just noises in general, due to lack of filtration. That's an interesting idea.
Maybe someone talking is just one sound among many and it's a lush soundscape to the child, difficult to differentiate the speech alone.
Maybe someone talking is just one sound among many and it's a lush soundscape to the child, difficult to differentiate the speech alone.
If you look at autistic savants they appear able to absorb significantly more data than NTs from the external environment. Perhaps the lack of a filter means they absorb all the data they experience rather than focussing on single events, sounds, shapes and colours like your typical NT.
Borrowing your anology of the soundscape, yes especially ASD kids younger than 6 years of age without a equipped working memory system may be shunting big chunks of sound data into their long term memory storage as their brain's central exec. This means the brains central exec is taking in so much of the soundscape that it can't devote sufficient time to process vocalisation from adults into a short term memory leaving the child with gaps in their understanding of use of expressive speech.
This is what happened to my 3.5 yo son. Now he has intensive speech therapy and he is learning to discriminate vocal sounds. He took 2 months before he began to recognise nouns, I think he never listened to me. It's like he "unplugged" his ears, infact he was suspected to be deaf. On other hand, he easily uses his sight to solve problems (as legos model imitation or puzzles).
Mechanism for speech delay in ASD. Words: Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD/APD), petit/absence/TLE/complex partial and so on, ADHD Inattentive, working memory/short term memory, filtering sounds, reticular formation of the brainstem - surrounding areas, etc. One educational book which I recall that goes extensively into the complex neurology of auditory processing is the How To (understand) Hyperactivity book (1981) about ADHD Inattentive / central auditory processing disorder / mild dyspraxia by C. Thomas Wild. Wild reports several FDA approved medicines (Tirend, NoDoz) which temporarily improved small aspects of hearing and understanding (not a cure). The How To book can provide insights here and there into the topic of hearing, understanding, and speech (again, no cures at all). More words: ear protectors, ear muffs, etc.
By the age of 5 she started regularly using expressive language and coincidentally her threshold for loud noise was much higher. She was nowhere near as distracted by outside sounds, her focus in learning language, words and sentences was dramatically improved.
I was curious as to the neurological basis for this developmental change and came across a principle in cognitive neurobiology called concurrent articulation. According to this principle children have a working memory system (as do adults) where the central executive of the brain shifts short-term storage of numbers and words in sequence using an articulatory rehearsal loop to the inner ear where the phonological buffer allows temporary storage of this data till it is either used by the central executive or moved to longer term storage.
This short term storage can be disrupted by the introduction of external sounds that diverts or distracts the central executive of the brain thus disrupting the articulatory rehearsal loop and preventing short term storage of the data the brain was supposed to be focussing on because it was absorbed on the concurrent articulation of the alternative sound.
I was wondering if ASD children have a problem filtering out extraneous noise and thus this disrupts their working memory from taking up relevant data by being diverted by concurrent noises thus resulting (via some complex mechanism) in a inability to use speech as the inner ear did not have the chance to absorb the subvocal speech the child was listening to?
That sounds like a reasonable area for further research.
There are headphones on the market that allow filtering out of external sound but are able to connect Via a USB to you computer. I purchased one myself but might get my daughter to use it for communicating with grandma on Skype.
