In samatha meditation, a practice within the Buddhist mindfulness tradition, attention is placed on one stream of experience, usually a sensory experience like breathing sensations, and while thoughts along with other irrelevant experiences come and go in the background, if they distract you from the sensations you observe and label them (e.g. "judgement" or "image") and then return to the chosen sensation. This slows down the mind and eventually leads to going longer than normal without having a thought, but you don't really know how long because keeping track of it is a form of thought itself, you're just focused on the chosen sensation, and when you notice a lack of thoughts, you're back to having a thought.
The point isn't that thought is always undesirable, at least in the Theravada tradition, but having a smaller, slower, more manageable number of thoughts that are treated (along with emotions) as mere objects arising that may or may not indicate something objectively true, relevant, helpful or important, is one of the advantages of regular practice. Experimenting with lack of thought is one interesting use of mindfulness practice, though.
Outside of formal meditation practice, for at least a few seconds, when focusing on a taste, sound, sight, movement etc., I have gained the ability to just be aware of that chosen thing now, but for how long depends on how you define 'thought'. Vague imagery, abstract concepts and other subtle mental movements do occur after a few seconds, but highly experienced and advanced meditators might go much longer.