Maybe over the top.^
But for Bipolar Disorder:
There was a paradigm that served useful for modeling bipolar disorder: A scientists would pinch the tail or apply shock to the feet of rats under certain conditions, i.e when animal entered into a certain area of the cage, then given this treatment.
After a while the rat would convulse only when under the exact same conditions, as being in the same location, but without this "treatment."
Progressively, the rat would convulse , when not in the same location (or conditions), i.e. spontaneously convulse.
It's a non- homologous model because bipolar humans are not subject to physical pain, but emotional pain. Some trauma here and there, and the person experiences 'this' as the trigger, but later it takes a life of its own, regardless of the conditions. This induces the spontaneous rapid cycling you see in bipolar.
Give the rat an anticonvulsant or a bipolar patient an anticonvulsant and this is controlled.
The rat is not as "developed" as a human so it's an imperfect crossover when comparing physical pain to emotional pain.
This is how they understood the condition and thus making a treatment with anti convulsants with Bipolar Disorder.