YES, what's been described here so far is a BIG problem for most of us on the spectrum, myself included.
I believe, as others have pointed out, that it's due to a combo of factors: the monotropic Aspergers brain, the desire for detail and perfection, the failure to "see the big picture" and that other items may need to be accorded more diligence sooner...so it's a perfect storm
IME, in the workplace it abounds with unstated expectations as to what priorities should come first given finite time to complete assignments; I have been subject to mockery and hostility over this. It's as if I have to ask my boss or colleagues what they consider to be the top priorities right now, and ask them how much time / how much detail I have to spend on it...while likely leaving them bewildered that "how could this seemingly intelligent person not know this, it's so obvious, are they just being perverse with me??"
Basically it's due to us lacking the "NT triad" of pragmatics, Theory of Mind, and central coherence. Barbara Bissonnette speaks to this in her Aspergers Workplace Survival Guide, which I've read through three times - it's very helpful.
I didn't have as much trouble with this in university; I avoided procrastination due to not having many friends to hang out with, and if I did procrastinate, it was more due to depression and playing video games to blunt the emotional pain.
Fortunately I still got my degree.
What you can do sometimes, is write out evaluation criteria for a set of tasks, then rank them, then decide how much time you'll spend on each. Having taken project management courses, I can tell you this can also apply to a home (non-work) context. The downside is it may seem a bit too mechanical and lacking spontaneity, which we need to get a handle on to succeed in the NT world - but it's a good starting point before you, hopefully, get more of an intuitive "feel" for which tasks demand more time allocation.