What causes Autistic Spectrum Disorder?

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Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is classified as a “pervasive developmental disorder” characterised by “abnormalities in communication and social interaction” and “restricted repetitive activities and interests” (Harrison et al, 2018).

Development of the condition is evident from infancy with most cases recognised by age 5. In fact, a 2010 analysis of 17,185 children diagnosed with ASD demonstrated that formal diagnosis below age three is exceedingly rare (Fountain, 2010). However, other research suggests that a reliable diagnosis can be made between ages 2-3 years (Baird, 2013) and as late as adulthood (Murphy, 2016). Various causes have been suggested.