For me, it's like my stomach is a pile of rocks lying at the bottom of the ocean. Or as if my body is a heavy butter churner. There's this sense of almost paranoid stress. I feel like I'm in danger when I'm not and I need to escape. There's an uncomfortable sensation, a prickly coldness that spreads across my back and shoulders. If I were to draw / visualise this feeling, I'd likely draw someone with cold wet / sweaty hands holding my back and being uncomfortably close to my face with a distorted smirk.
Sometimes I become unresponsive and / or dissociative, but not always. There's a feeling of a false reality, as if I exist outside of time.
I think that there are two main types of sensory overload that I experience. The first type results in stress and feeling like I'm under pressure to maintain composure, usually ends with exhaustion and tears. If I try to socialise after this type of overload, then I am quite likely to have an outburst and say something I don't mean. Especially if I attempt a task that requires me to be fully mentally there, such as cooking. I need time to recover and to let the built up stress go down. These overloads can last for several hours, and I am likely to show predictable behaviour (sitting in dark rooms, slow to respond when asked a question, self hugging, strange noises, hand-flapping or rocking, irritable).
Then there's the second kind. Instead of being stalked around by someone with cold sweaty hands, this type feels more like someone with a hyperactive and philosophical streak. As if a small child is spinning me in circles, saying "Ooh! Look at this! How about that? Is anything even real? Everything's so bright, huh? What are they saying? Let's lie down on the floor. We're in a dream now. I can't tell what they're saying anymore, everything is just white noise, that's so weird", to which I reply "Ah, this again, hang on I got this".
I slowly list random objects in the room in my head until everything feels real again. There's no stress in this situation, just minor annoyance. I recover much more quickly from this type of being overwhelmed. I remember talking to an old therapist of mine about this, she told me that our brains can only process so much information and that at a certain threshold this happens to practically everyone but that my threshold seems to be lower than the average person. She also told me that I was one of the most normal people she'd ever met, but then again I've never met the rest of her clients.
Personally, I tend to get overwhelmed more when there are multiple types of strong stimuli involved. Especially smells, but sometimes something can be so strong on its own that it can lead to me being overwhelmed. I don't know for sure if what I experience is a sensory overload. Stimulus triggers it so that's the best way I can think to describe this, whatever it is that's going on with me.
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Near the spectrum but not on it.