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firemonkey
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25 Nov 2025, 8:48 am

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Last month, I was diagnosed with autism. As part of the process, I took the Empathy Quotient, a self-assessment tool designed to measure how well I tune in to what others are feeling. The results brought me back to high school, when my best friend Esther stood at the edge of my bed, eyes downcast saying: ‘It’s like you’re dead inside.’

I’m a physician. I’ve sat at the bedsides of thousands of patients. I’ve listened closely, asked thoughtful follow-up questions, and made space for grief and fear. But, according to the test, Esther was right: I lacked empathy. My score fell in the 0.5th percentile, nearly indistinguishable from a psychopath.

If I’d owned a pearl necklace, I might have clutched it. That very accusation – lacking empathy – is what tore apart my friendship with Esther. I didn’t cry at the expected time, or say the expected thing, or attend the expected party. But the problem isn’t that I lack empathy. It’s how our culture defines it.


https://psyche.co/turning-points/does-b ... n-a-friend


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gwynfryn
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25 Nov 2025, 11:32 am

firemonkey wrote:
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I’m a physician. I’ve sat at the bedsides of thousands of patients. I’ve listened closely, asked thoughtful follow-up questions, and made space for grief and fear. But, according to the test, Esther was right: I lacked empathy. My score fell in the 0.5th percentile, nearly indistinguishable from a psychopath.


https://psyche.co/turning-points/does-b ... n-a-friend


You shouldn’t confuse empathy with sympathy; they are often found together, but needn’t be; they are quite different!

The notion that we share low empathy with psychopaths is completely and utterly wrong: Serial killers and other sadists would not enjoy the pain they inflict on others if they lacked the empathy that allows them to share the experience. This is often referred to as cognitive empathy, but to my mind, this is a pointless distinction. Either one can identify with what others are feeling or thinking, or not, regardless if one also feels compassion for them or not.


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25 Nov 2025, 12:07 pm

gwynfryn wrote:

The notion that we share low empathy with psychopaths is completely and utterly wrong: Serial killers and other sadists would not enjoy the pain they inflict on others if they lacked the empathy that allows them to share the experience. This is often referred to as cognitive empathy, but to my mind, this is a pointless distinction. Either one can identify with what others are feeling or thinking, or not, regardless if one also feels compassion for them or not.


Somebody that lacks cognitive empathy will stop bringing a dog with him to your meetings when told that you are allergic to dogs. Somebody that lacks emotional empathy will start bringing a dog when told you are allergic. I think it's an important distinction.


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25 Nov 2025, 12:18 pm

I think it is because the current narrative about "empathy" does not distinguish between the socialized language and gestures, with it's interpretations and conditioned expectations of performances around tone, body language and behaviorisms -- from the more universal inner human affect in which where feelings and intent, inherent sense of right and wrong, and what drives compassion and cruelty resides.

Really do think people cannot distinguish between "empathy" meant "caring about something" from "empathy" meant "social literacy".


I'm not going to say "there are two types of empathy" that autistics sucks at cognitive empathy and that affective empathy might be intact. That's getting old now.
Also won't be saying about it's not the autism, it's the alexithymia that determines said "low empathy scores". For the same reason; it's getting old. Stupid, ignorantly old.


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kuen
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25 Nov 2025, 12:23 pm

Thank you for the interesting article, firemonkey.

gwynfryn wrote:
You shouldn’t confuse empathy with sympathy; they are often found together, but needn’t be; they are quite different!


I came here with a very similar view, gwynfryn :p

Theoretically, empathy is feeling into - the imaginative projection that the article talks of - while sympathy is feeling with someone while maintaining separateness, that is, recognising someone else's feelings and having one's own independent feelings in response.

The recognition of the other person's feelings is important either way. Where it comes from (whether they tell you or you intuit it) is not always so important, in my opinion.

Many cultures view empathy as predatory... hunting has often been viewed as an exercise in empathy, for example, as has malicious witchcraft. Effective lying requires empathy. Grooming. I believe there are forms of narcissism that closely resemble highly developed empathy.

I read a fascinating paper on 'the dark side of empathy: mimesis, deception, and the magic of alterity' a little while ago. Gwynfryn mentioned sadism: I remember but cannot cite some papers on the role of empathy in (prison-based) torture, which is usually, of course, carried out by people who in no way consider themselves sadists. And there are some really interesting development psych. papers on empathy and the capacity to deceive.

Still, when I read the article, I thought... was there no compassionate response the author could have made to her friend while retaining her sense of emotional integrity? If someone says 'when you ~ I feel ~' is that a request for emotional mirroring or behavioural change?

I think or hope that you don't have to adopt or internalise someone's feelings to respond to them in ways that feel meaningful to you both...



gwynfryn
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28 Nov 2025, 11:17 am

BillyTree wrote:
Somebody that lacks emotional empathy will start bringing a dog when told you are allergic. I think it's an important distinction.


English is not my first language either, which may be why I’m scratching my head over this!

Why would anyone bring a dog in such circumstances, other than to create distress? Wouldn’t the motive be enjoyment (I can think of no other)? To me, that indicate high empathy (of whatever kind) and a lack of compassion. In a word; sadism.


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28 Nov 2025, 11:39 am

kuen wrote:

Effective lying requires empathy. Grooming.



I know all about that, having had pretty much everyone in the family (who I thought were on good terms, till then) look at me with contempt, during my last Xmas visit to my mother (the cost of which bankrupted me each year, but it never occurred to me not to make the effort) who was no longer compos mentis, and near stone deaf.

About this time I realised that my brother, who’d fooled me for half a century with his “caring sharing bro” act, had never missed a chance to screw up my life, and was intent on depriving me of my inheritance (at great cost to himself, too; is that sick or what?).

That it’s he who turned everyone against me, seems the only possible explanation, and my guess is he told everyone I was sponging off my mother during my visits. That would be implausible to anyone who thought it through, but Nts have a talent for believing whatever they want to, and ignoring all and every evidence to the contrary, and my brother has always had a knack for getting people on his side.

Hard to believe we’re related, really!


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28 Nov 2025, 12:30 pm

gwynfryn wrote:
BillyTree wrote:
Somebody that lacks emotional empathy will start bringing a dog when told you are allergic. I think it's an important distinction.


English is not my first language either, which may be why I’m scratching my head over this!

Why would anyone bring a dog in such circumstances, other than to create distress? Wouldn’t the motive be enjoyment (I can think of no other)? To me, that indicate high empathy (of whatever kind) and a lack of compassion. In a word; sadism.

I tried to explain the difference between an autistic and a psychopath. The one bringing the dog in the quoted part of my post being the psychopath.


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28 Nov 2025, 2:28 pm

From the article, my emphasis:

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For autistic women like me who don’t mask, the judgment is relentless. I never pretended to enjoy parties, small talk or to have a deep social interest. When I said that out loud, Esther called it arrogance. When I kept it to myself, she said I had trouble attaching to friends. As if weaponising my childhood to guilt me into dinner was an example of healthy connection. Esther was taught to relate emotionally by imagining herself in my place. But this kind of empathy works only when you’re empathising with someone who inhabits the same frame.

I do often feel that this conception of empathy is as much a call for social conformity. I can't see any reason why it should necessarily be a moral good to have an excellent ability to predict the inner thoughts of the people you associate with. People should be allowed to be as unpredictable as they want to be, as long as they are reasonably prosocial in their motivations and reasonably kind in their behavior.

I believe that even not considering traits like autism people vary significantly on their interests and motivations and preferences.

I've often been told by some people that I'm emotionless; but by others that I'm too emotionally sensitive.


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29 Nov 2025, 2:28 pm

It's quite possible some empaths feed on others' misery. Like people who keep innocents locked up for decades in their basement, totally dependent on them. They crave the psychic energy given off by those captives.


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29 Nov 2025, 2:54 pm

I always thought empathy is whether YOU feel what the other person is feeling.
But where is the line between understanding someone's situation and feeling it?
And how much feeling it is "sufficient" to meet the "minimum standard" for empathy?
The problem is, we don't set the standards. Other people do. And the example of being there in a conversation with patients, which I do in other different areas, seems to meet my standards but gets met with "why do you have to be so logical?" That's how we do it. We repeat facts back rather than "That must be so hard for you" or my favorite "severely NT" late wife's response to MY mother breaking her arm "That must be so sad, not being able to hold your granddaughter." I could never match that.


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30 Nov 2025, 1:30 pm

I believe empathy is subjective and shouldn't really be used to describe a whole person (whether lacking or not), unless the person is a psychopathic murderer or something.

My husband is NT, and his friend's mother died about two or three weeks ago, and my husband still hasn't got in touch with him for emotional support. I keep telling him to at least text him, as he (the friend) might think he's not a good friend or doesn't care or something. But my husband said it'll feel too awkward to text or phone him and that he doesn't know what to say to him. He says it's mentally draining to have to offer condolences to people whenever they lose a loved one - even though he was supportive of me when I lost my grandmother and my mother.

He isn't the first NT to admit to not always knowing what to say to a grieving friend. Often NTs are reluctant to phone or message a grieving friend because they're not always sure of what is appropriate to say or do for them. My husband said that the same words of condolences "get boring". I guess I know what he means, but you've still got to show that you care, as a friend, because his friend obviously has feelings and he might be really struggling with the loss of his mother for all we know. My husband said this friend didn't really have a sensitive side to him but I said that doesn't mean a thing, and that it's best to assume that everyone you meet is sensitive to an extent and that we all need emotional support and we all can feel vulnerable at times.

Whenever someone I don't know very well dies (like a person online or something), it feels like people are (not intentionally) competitively trying to see who can say the most heartfelt words or something. But because I didn't really know that person, I might just feel sad for them and their family and I just put as little words of condolences as possible, like "so sorry to hear this, RIP", or something like that - just short and sweet, rather than throw out a huge poetic essay. I'm not very poetic, if at all.

But none of these points means I or my husband lack empathy as character traits. Some situations you might have more empathy than in other situations. It's the same for everyone (except for evil murderers, etc). I'm not the sort to keep bragging about how much empathy I have. I used to mention that I had "a lot of empathy" because I was scared of the word and being accused of not having it, but now I've learnt that saying repeatedly "I have loads and loads of empathy" can come across as virtue-signaling or bragging or something and can just get annoying. It's even grown-up to just hold your hands up and admit that you don't have much empathy for a certain situation because you've never had the same experience, or, deep down maybe you don't really care in a certain situation.


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Last edited by Tamaya on 30 Nov 2025, 2:06 pm, edited 1 time in total.

kuen
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30 Nov 2025, 1:36 pm

I think that's really well said, Tamaya.



gwynfryn
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02 Dec 2025, 10:35 am

BillyTree wrote:
I tried to explain the difference between an autistic and a psychopath. The one bringing the dog in the quoted part of my post being the psychopath.


Thank you, I've a better understanding now. I still struggle to understand how someone with high emotional empathy can be without cognitive empathy to a similar degree.


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02 Dec 2025, 11:45 am

gwynfryn wrote:
BillyTree wrote:
I tried to explain the difference between an autistic and a psychopath. The one bringing the dog in the quoted part of my post being the psychopath.


Thank you, I've a better understanding now. I still struggle to understand how someone with high emotional empathy can be without cognitive empathy to a similar degree.

High affective but low cognitive empathy;

High emotional empathy meant one can feel them back, resonate and dissonate back at them. One doesn't fully actually need eye contact to pull this off; just their presence.
The issue here is that without enough executive function to regulate this along with poor sense of self/weak ego meant one would be this exploitable "predictable" emotional bull; and how this and "caring too much" can become of an exploitable weakness.

Without cognitive empathy, one won't be seeing patterns in tone, body language and contexts from socialization. They'd be playing a guessing game with everyone you meet.
One won't be doing a form of meta analysis of your own behaviors nor predict why they're doing what they're doing.

Without this trait to balance the former, there's nothing observable (body language, tone, etc.) to tie into emotionally, and thus not giving off what many NTs are socialized and conditioned into what's "appropriate" no matter how deep they can feel and feel for someone.



Low affective empathy but high cognitive empathy.

One does not feel into anyone. They won't able to imagine everyone else has their own feelings of the matter. One doesn't even register how this person would feel, good or bad.

Yet; with good cognitive empathy, they'd figure what can be rewarded and what doesn't. In fact, it's the cognitive empathy what makes someone a good at deception, which makes one without balancing it with affective empathy into being a good social predator, having to be someone manipulative abuser.
Since they got no affective emotionality to regulate, they won't be "affected" over what others feel, nor are they "vulnerable" into a form of unfavorable position in whatever dynamic. All of that is just game theory to them.

And since it's just body language, tone and wordings registration to them and no emotionality involved; one can very much just cognitively learn manually norms and appropriate behaviors because rewards, not of what's "right" unless they're also applying and performing ethics or dance under it.


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02 Dec 2025, 12:00 pm

^ That was excellent.


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