Monarchs A-Z

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Philip II of Macedon

Ruled from 359-336 BC, when he was assassinated by one of his bodyguards. Succeeded by his son, who became known as Alexander the Great. Philip II's tomb and his remains were discovered in 1977.

Robert I, King of Scots

During his reign, he led Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against England and fought successfully to regain Scotland's independence. Today, he is revered in Scotland as a national hero.

Stephen, King of England 1135-54

Fought a long civil war (known as 'The Anarchy') against Robert of Gloucester and his half-sister Matilda (who claimed the throne in the period 1141-48). Not to be confused with Stephen King .

Tvrtko II of Bosnia

A member of the House of Kotromanić who reigned as King of Bosnia from 1404 to 1409 and again from 1420 to his death in 1443.

(If a letter is too difficult, it can be skipped.)

Ubba

A somewhat obscure Viking king from the 9th century.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubba

Victoria

Known as 'The Grandmother of Europe.' Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together. Her reign of 63 years and seven months is known as the Victorian era.

Harald Bluetooth. king of Denmark.

This is an alphabetical thread. 'W' is next.

William III of England.

Also known as William of Orange. He invaded England and deposed his Catholic father-in-law/uncle, James II. He reigned with his wife/cousin Mary II, who was also a daughter of James II.

Xerxes the great did die,
And so must you & I.



518–465 BC, the fourth king of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia; known to Biblical scholars as Ahasuerus in the Book of Esther.

Alexander I of Russia

Grandson of Catherine the Great, Alexander was the Russian emperor from 1801 to 1825. He was both friend and foe to Napoleon. After a massive defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, Alexander formed an alliance with Napoleon. The two emperors could never agree, especially about Poland, and the alliance collapsed. The tsar's greatest victory came in 1812 during the French invasion of Russia, resulting in the near destruction of Napoleon's Grande Armée.

Baldwin I

Made first king of Jerusalem (1100-1118 AD), after that city was captured in 1099 during the First Crusade.

Catherine II, Empress of Russia

Known as Catherine the Great, she was born a Prussian princess who ascended to the throne of Russia following a coup d'état that resulted in the assassination of her husband, Peter III. She was Russia's longest-ruling female leader and her reign, the Catherinian Era, is often considered the Golden Age of the Russian Empire and the Russian nobility.

Darius The Great

King of Persia 522-486 BC. In charge of the mighty Persian (Achaemenid) Empire, which comprised much of the Middle East and Asia Minor, also led successful military campaigns in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Southern Russia and Eastern Europe, before he became unstuck when taking on the Greeks and was defeated at the Battle of Marathon. His son Xerxes then succeeded him, and suffered an even more crushing defeat at Salamis, which marked the end of Persian ambitions to conquer Europe. He was married to Queen Atossa.

Edward IV of England

King between March 1461 – October 1470 and April 1471 – April 1483. His first reign was marred by the Wars of the Roses, but he overcame the Lancastrian challenge to the throne, Henry VI, at Tewkesbury in 1471 to reign in peace until his sudden death. The final fate of Edward IV's legitimate sons, Edward V and Richard, Duke of York, remains unknown. His daughter, Elizabeth, married Henry VII, the first Tudor king.

Francis II

King of France 1559-60. Married Mary Queen of Scots at age 14, thus cementing the alliance between France and Scotland, as a result of which French troops occupied parts of Scotland, provoking a hostile reaction from the Scottish nobility. He died aged 16.

George III of the United Kingdom

He reigned during the American and French Revolutions and the Napoleonic Wars.