gonewild wrote:
Zero Degrees of Empathy: A New Theory of Human Cruelty is his third book and by far his most personal – At only six chapters it is a fast read, but don't let this book's slim appearance fool you, for it is weighted with authority. Exposing the lack of empathy that facilitates the objectification of others, dehumanization and cruelty is the nub of Baron-Cohen's research and the reason he has written this book.
Narcissists, borderline and psychopathic personalities are introduced as people lacking "affective empathy" – the ability to feel others' feelings. Baron-Cohen's new paradigm classifies these personality types as "zero-negative": a zero amount of affective empathy being a negative condition, because the ability to self-regulate the way they treat others is significantly compromised.
By contrast, Baron-Cohen defines people with Asperger's syndrome or classic autism, which is his own field, as "zero-positive". Like the zero-negatives these people lack affective empathy, but in addition they score zero on "cognitive empathy" – thinking others' thoughts.
Because some zero-positive individuals have, through their unusual ability to systemize, pushed human culture forwards with their discoveries (Einstein was late to talk – a sign of classic autism – yet he was an extreme systemizer who discovered E = mc2), Baron-Cohen categorizes them "zero empathy positive".
From THE GUARDIAN, British paper
This is wrong. Autistics have affective empathy but may have low cognitive empathy due to the TOM issue. I thought that Simon Baron-Cohen had changed the wording in his book when this was pointed out to him.