With regard to Sally's mistaking "rice" for "fish":
Different types of dyslexia can cause this, but only when the word in question is being read. Since these words are being used in verbal conversation, they go through different pathways in the brain (thus not caused by dyslexia). I've noticed this effect to be most common when I cannot speak fast enough for my thoughts, so I'll skip words that are necessary and just say the bare roots of what message I am trying to convey. Needless to say, nobody understands.
In a 1993 paper in Scientific American called "Simulating Brain Damage," the authors present an amusing (but quite sad) anecdote:
Hinton, Plaut, and Shallice wrote:
In 1944 a young soldier suffered a bullet wound to the head. He survived the war with a strange disability: although he could read and comprehend some words with ease, many others gave him trouble. He read he word antique as "vase" and uncle as "nephew."
Another interesting bit:
Quote:
G.R. would read sympathy as "orchestra" (presumably via symphony). Our [neural] networks also produce these errors--sometimes reading cat as "bed," via cot.
I'm sorry if that was long and unrelated...I'm writing a paper on this right now and it is tremendously interesting. Oh, and I'm not implying anyone here has brain damage--the authors were talking about mimicking neurological disorders with computers in an effort to find effective ways of rehabilitating them.