Gilb wrote:
i was thinking about this wouldn't there be a problem with getting a negative voltage across a digital circuit because doesn't a transistor also act effectively as a diode?
The main resemblance between a transistor and a diode is that, like a diode, a transistor will show a fixed voltage drop across it -- around 0.5 volts in the case of a germanium device, and 0.7 in the case of silicon. But I think I get what you're saying, a single transistor type, NPN or PNP, is only good for (relatively) positive or negative voltages, not both. Trinary/Ternary circuits do require higher transistor counts, all else being equal. A stickier problem is that it's hard to fabricate PNP and NPN transistors which have similar enough characteristics that they would work together without any performance penalty.