22 Dec 2016, 3:53 pm
I believe this is the best argument for quantum indeterminacy, consequently, the best argument for macro-indeterminacy as well.
Albert Einstein wrested with it. He called it "spooky action at a distance".
1. Quantum entangled particles are sub-atomic particles that have correlated characteristics.
2. This correlation can exist over long distances.
3. "Let's put one of them in the White House in Washington and the other in UC Berkeley (think about this as a thought experiment, not an actual one). Now, if we measure a particular characteristic of one of these particles (say, for example, spin), get a result, and then measure the other particle using the same criterion (spin along the same axis), we find that the result of the measurement of the second particle will match (in a complementary sense) the result of the measurement of the first particle, in that they will be opposite in their values".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement
4. Now let's measure the spins of these separated particles.
5. "The distance and timing of the measurements can be chosen so as to make the interval between the two measurements spacelike, hence, a message connecting the events would have to travel faster than light. According to the principles of special relativity, it is not possible for any information to travel between two such measuring events".
6. When measured, the particle spin outcomes are found to be biased relative to other's spin.
Yet, as said above, they could not of communicated with each other (assuming the speed of light is the fastest anything can travel). So, they should not be aware of the other's spin. Not knowing of the other's spin, we would expect random spin outcomes, not biased spin outcomes.
7. "The quantum system considered here seems to acquire a probability distribution for the outcome of a measurement of the spin along any axis of the other particle upon measurement of the first particle".
8. So, we appear to see indeterminate behavior by the other particle.
We see spin behavior such that, the particle's spin will follow a probability distribution biased based on the presumably non-casual force of the measured spin of the other particle (again, assuming the speed of light is the fastest anything can travel).
9. Einstein didn't like this.
In the defense of determinism, he and others created the theory of "hidden variables" to explain what might be happening.
10. "A possible resolution to the paradox might be to assume that the state of the particles contains some hidden variables, whose values effectively determine, right from the moment of separation, what the outcomes of the spin measurements are going to be".
11. However, later testing found that the "hidden variable" theory fails.
(See link for more if interested on why it fails)
12. So, determinists responded with a new theory that there exists "non-local hidden variables".
And it is these variables that are influencing the outcome, thus, the particles are not actually exhibiting indeterminate behavior.
This is where we are today. The end 
Comments ?
