monty wrote:
Das Kapital is a lengthy (boring) work on exactly that subject - money as a medium of exchange for real wealth. Most of it is not so controversial, although the labor theory of value is. Marx asserted that labor worth $X (the ability to transform raw materials to finished goods) was bought by capitalists, and sold for a greater amount; he saw this as the predatory extraction of 'surplus value' - as the old slogan goes, no one gets rich by working for someone else - you need lots of people working for you. Of course, Marx discounted the risk that a capitalist takes, or the idea that there should be a labor market where workers and employers haggle over who gets paid what.
This would basically make capitalism one giant pyramid scheme, where labor worth X was bought by the capitalist and sold for Y which is X plus whatever the capitalist decides to add on as profit. Marx's solution was simply to eliminate the capitalist, which proved easier said than done. In practice, the capitalist was simply replaced by the bureaucrat.
In reality, labor needs an organizer, somebody to organize the labor of many so as to produce something of value. Adam Smith defined a capitalist as one who was able to organize land, labor, and capital in such a way as to produce a superior finished product. Compensation for the capitalist is the essential dilemma, and the big problem with greed.
In modern America, the capitalist seems to think he's entitled to far more compensation that would reasonably be expected. How much is reasonable? For most of the 20th century, the average capitalist made between 25 and 40 times the wage of the bottom worker. Today it STARTS at around 275 times, and goes up to more than 500 times. The primary reason that wages have not increased is that the profits in increased productivity have not been passed on to the worker with the capitalist taking a rational cut, but have been completely taken (some might say stolen) by the capitalists, then spent on stuff like mansions and cars and yachts and planes. This has resulted in 400 Americans having more wealth that the bottom 150 million.
One sees that the big problem is not the capitalist per se, but rip roaring greed that causes him to cut wages while increasing his own salary. That's why we need strong social taboos against greed. In Japan, where such taboos are in place, the capitalist makes only 17 times the wage of the bottom worker. And life in Japan is far more expensive than life in the US.