Some people believe such natural disasters are sent by God, to punish or to test people (ever read the book of Job? he had more than his fair share of crap to put up with that was to test him).
Others, believe that disasters are caused by demons, or devils (although this is not particularly scientific and falls within the range of magical thinking, theosophy, and religious thought).
There are also others who believe we are destined to die or suffer.
Hindu, Buddhists etc. also believe in the law of karmic retribution, which for them, is highly complex and linked to many lives of incarnation rather than in simple terms found in the simple terms law of casuality. I.e. I do bad thing, then bad thing happens to me as payment in this life, in some cases instantly.
Buddhists and Hindu'ism have a philosophy of Indra's net, the karmic net that includes all karmic interaction of all entities in existence. Everything in existence can be found on this net and is tied up to karma from many lifetimes and incarnations. So... in their belief, one may die in an earth quake, because of something that one has done in previous lives. Dying doesn't mean the end however, and in some cases may create positive developments, such as being re-incarnated into a more favourable body, family and circumstance.
There are more complex considerations with religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism which i feel are too complex to go into great detail at this point.