I dont know about the UK and America, but here in Canada, and I suspect america, its all free range beef anyway.
They put them to pasture and let them crop green grasses all summer and fall, and in winter, they shelter them when its extremely cold, and at other times, they are free to come and go from the shelter as they please. In winter they are fed supplementary dried hay(grass with seed).
Chickens, on the other hand, are caged and mechanically fed. Their lives are very short though, and are humanely electrocuted as soon as they reach a certain size/weight.
Egg layers are an exception, and are hormonally encouraged to be prolific egg layers. When their production falls, they too are slaughtered, but are not served as fresh meat; they are tough stringy and dry by that point, and their meat is what you find in the canned soups and whatnot.
Anything that isnt package presentable is rendered down to lard and/or made into broth powder.
Likewise with the milk producing cows. If you want tender beef, you get it from a young cow, not an old one.
The industrialized milking process is interesting, as it is initiated by the cow. They enter the milking station when their utters are full, much like a full bladder, and automated machinery washes and hooks up the milking machine.
Regardless of propaganda, the animals are treated carefully and gently, as stress/injury negatively impacts the quality and therefore, profit margin of the products.
They dont raise Veal and whatnot around here... So I cannot speak on that.